Seabed

detect movements in Earth 's crust. Coastal tide gauges are also still used to watch for changes in sea level. But now scientists have deep-ocean tsunami detection buoy systems that can observe and record changes in the sea level. A buoy system has a seabed detector that is placed on the ocean floor. This tsunameter acts as a pressure sensor, measuring the change in the height of the water column by checking changes in water pressure. A buoy on the water surface receives the information from the…

Crude Oils Leading to a Crude Reality Society has grown ignorant. Everyday people unknowingly contribute to a possible downfall to society. As we go throughout our day-to-day lives we are constantly wielding a double-edged sword that hurts us without us knowing. We walk around blindly and only think of what is happening at that current time. Rarely do we ever think about the consequences of our actions or how what we do will affect the future. Perhaps one of the main things we need to do is…

GE has always been a leader in innovation and having the latest technologies but in the recent years the world has progressed and now competitors also have easy access to the latest technologies. Overall there are huge technological developments taking place in the marketplace and to cope up with them GE implements and follows lots of plans. The pivotal program that GE started was the LIG program. LIG stands for Leadership, Innovation and Growth. LIG is a four day program. It was the first ever…

water expansion as a result of warming water temperature; in addition to this, higher oceanic temperatures lead to the melting of glaciers, ice caps, and polar ice sheets, increasing the rise. As sea levels rise and warm, changes in relative level of seabeds and land occur, causing significant differences in animal/vegetative habitats; this impacts fishing and marine industries, in conjunction with affecting the population residing in coastal areas. → Social and international implications: As…

Continental drift was an idea raised in early 17th century by Sir Francis Bacon, as he wrote of the apparent shoreline fit of opposite sides of the Atlantic which was much like pieces of a puzzle (Figure 1). The fit was computed by Sir Edward Bullard in 1960s later (Figure 2). Later in 1912, Alfred Wegener, a German geophysicist who was the first to propose the continental drift theory with a mechanism, suggested that all the lands were once joined together as a supercontinent – Pangaea, which…

Offshore wind energy is an innovative approach to addressing climate change and the global energy crisis. Although many projects have begun, there are currently no offshore operational projects in the United States. Through the case study of the failed Cape Wind project, we can better understand the importance of integrating aspects of land use planning, environmental impact assessments, and historical and human considerations when designing a project like an offshore wind plant. Furthermore,…

INTRODUCTION This chapter reviews a stabilization of underactuated X4-AUV using nonlinear control and optimization technique. Firstly, an overview of underwater vehicles and it categorize are explained. Then, details explanation of AUVs and the problems in controlling AUV systems which fall into the underactuated system with nonholonomic constraints are presented. Backstepping is one of nonlinear control methods and previous research work used backstepping control given in this chapter…

25-30°C. What to see: Wrecks and Reefs. MF Dania Mfv funguo a top rated dive site is situated in Kilindini harbour, the dive site is named after an accident, where a cargo vessel predominantly as a livestock carrier sank perfectly upright onto the seabed in February 2002. The following are its…

THE SENKAKU ISLANDS DISPUTE Overview of the Senkaku Islands Dispute The Senkaku Islands are a series of islands located in the East China Sea that are currently being controlled by Japan They have a total area of about 7 square kilometers and lie north-east of Taiwan, east of the Chinese mainland and south-west of Japan's southern-most prefecture, Okinawa. These islands are considered very important to all three countries due to their close proximity to important shipping lanes, rich grounds…

In mid-September 2015, the Volkswagen (VW) scandal erupted in the United States, creating a shockwave in the diesel automobile sector both domestic and international. US authorities accused VW of installing “defeat devices” in nearly half a million cars between 2009 and 2015 to make them appear less polluting than they actually are. Independent tests done by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) confirmed that a selection of VW vehicles were emitting up to 40 times more…