Scottish Enlightenment

The nineteenth century in France was one of the most progressive and transformative eras for literature, science, medicine, architecture, and social and political change. Émile Zola made progressive moves in the second half of the nineteenth century in many ways. Zola was born in 1840, in Paris, he has spend most of his childhood in Aix-en-Provence. Zola lost his father at a young age, just like many of his characters that he would later write about in this novels. He was raised by his mother…

Introduction: The educational movements in the 18th century were a striding path to new educational reforms in the 20th century .The 18th century educational initiatives were more focussed towards the students of upper and middle class elites who had a world view initiative that emphasized facts and truths rather than a faith based approach which was based on supernatural beliefs and ideas it was much similar to the renaissance’s movement that had an approach of looking at the past knowledge…

made by Louis XVI, the idea of rebellion formed. The Third Estate was sick of the present government and demanded a new one. So, they formed an alliance with each other called the National Assembly. When led by Maximilien’s power, ideas of the Enlightenment came about and the new National Assembly created new laws. But people started to revolt against King Louis. Once the Reign of Terror started, the government started killing those in and out of republic who were against any of their rule.…

Isaac Newton through his laws of physics or “Newton’s Laws” set the stage for the Enlightenment also known as The Age of Reason, which occurred in the 17th and 18th century.If Newton was able to determine laws around planets there could be natural laws around how people behaved. These laws would be considered universal and through the Enlightenment period, the philosophers would attempt to discover them. Our society would not be what it is today if it wasn't for the ideas generated by four…

Rousseau demonstrates his foundationalism by advocating for a government that flows from the means of the “general will” to achieve the end of the “public good.” While Rousseau supports liberty in the form of revolution, he offers stipulations which culminate in his conception of the “general will.” In a sense, Rousseau’s concept of the general will would fall into the category of foundationalist conservatism. Rousseau’s proclamation that “Every legitimate government is republican” demonstrates…

During the 19th century, France had a wide variety of government types - four dictatorships, two constitutional monarchies, two empires, and three republics. The French government was very unreliable and ever-changing. Directly after the French Revolution, a two house legislative body formed. This expanded power to the bourgeois. However, later power was returned solely to kings. After two kings, Louis XVII and Charles X, both of who were very disliked, power was transferred to Louis Philippe.…

Revolutions have not made a nation stronger and in some ways, they have weakened nations.Such as economically limited production, socially did not change prejudices, and politically did nothing to strengthen. Throughout the Scientific, French, and Latin American (Haitian) Revolutions. Firstly revolutions did not change the way people think of others. During the Haitian Revolution, they were trying to get rid of all the different social classes, that were based on race and heritage. Once they…

Proprietorship: The status of one individual owning and running a business. Significance: As colonization progressed, proprietorships were able to obtain new lands and rule them according to their laws. Quakers: A group of people who believe in the inner divinity of Jesus Christ within the soul. Significance: Many Quakers were immigrants because they were punished in England for refusing to commit acts that go against their religious ideals. Navigation Acts: Acts that were created in England…

The Enlightenment was not for everyone, many people were left out such as women, and slaves. The Enlightenment was meant for everyone but actually were only for certain people who had certain traits such as being a European male who owned property. The Enlightenment took away power from many monarchs and dictators. Democracy was an important part of government in this time, many cities changed their government to democracy once their old ruler was overthrown. People started to realise that they…

Taken from a letter written by Franklin for Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, the quote attempts to answer the question, what is Enlightenment? The purpose of the letter was to thank Priestley for his critic on a paper Franklin had written on the Aurora Borealis. This letter was written during the Enlightenment, which included writers that focused on an exchange of ideas. This time period was not just about intellectual improvements, but also political and social improvements. There were…