Schistosomiasis

Introduction Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria in the number of people the disease disables or kills around the world(LAPA***). It is a tropical disease that is a major source of morbidity and mortality for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia (LAPA***). In these endemic areas, there are no resources for access of fresh drinking water and adequate sanitation. Therefore, human feces are the main source for spreading of Schistosomiasis. The causative agent of Schistosomiasis is Schistosoma, which is caused by a parasitic worm or a eukaryotic fluke (Colley, 2014). The parasites that bring about schistosomiasis live in specific kinds of freshwater snails. The contagious type of the parasite is known as cercariae. These carcariae arise from the snail, which causes the fresh water to become contaminated. Infection can occur when skin comes into contact with the polluted water. Most human contaminations are brought about by Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium (urogenital), or S. japonicum (intestinal) (***). Each species is connected with specific types of snails, so the flukes ' transmission is characterized by…

diagnosis (Bergquist, 1990). These tests are all time consuming and require a laboratory well equipped with proper instruments and trained persons (Xiang et al., 2003). Detection of circulating Antigens for Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis: Van Dam et al. (2004), developed reagent strip for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. It was based on parasite antigen detection in urine of infected people. The test…

Combating schistosomiasis is a challenge as we can vaccinate against it or clean up water sources. Despite this though there have efforts to combat it, but if the data is anything to go by the battles have not been the most successful. A study done by Pimentel at al (2007:625), schistosomiasis is currently “infecting more than 200 million people, with death estimates of up to 200,000 per year” and that is continuing to grow. Many of the programs combating this disease are usually for ethical or…

Schistosomiasis and humanity are like many other diseases interconnected in a way as humanities actions in the environment have allowed Schistosomiasis to spread to locations it has never has never been seen in before along with allowing it to infect a much wider range of people. More specifically it seems that agricultural projects and water programs are the main culprit of this as these programs generally create locations where humans more willing enter and were schistosomiasis and the snails…

Describe (in your words) Schistosomiasis life cycle. Use the video in theme 1 as reference. Schistosomiasis is a parasite that penetrates the skin and enters the blood stream leaving behind its tail or known as cercariae form. The parasite then travels to the lungs for 4-6 weeks to mature. Once maturing for 4-6 weeks the parasite travels to the liver or sometimes heart to develop into adults male-female pairs. Once again, relocate to the preferred resting site, which varies based on species. …

It is well known that praziquantel (PZQ) has contributed a lot and still contributing to control and prevent schistosomiasis and it is the only drug available for schistosomiasis. It has also the following important features: good efficacy, safety, operational convenience and low cost. However, exclusive use of it for controlling the disease has many limitations. For instance it does not prevent re-infection. Not only this but due to usage of the drug for more than three decades we may face…

likelihood of exposure to Clostridium difficile infection.16 The most striking point in the results of this study is the noted effect of bilharziasis on the rate of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in the NLI hospital and the positive impact of bilharzial infection on clostridium difficile infection in our study, it may be attributed to: -High prevalence of bilharziasis in Egyptian population where studies from 2006 indicated approximately 7 million cases of…

93). Water something that you would think is clean, safe, and able to drink without the fear of becoming sick. However, water is not that thing, and it will never be that. Schistosomiasis is a disease that is transmitted by freshwater snails. This snail then sends infected larva into slow-moving or still water, and then enters the body through the skin or body openings when people bathe or work in the water. Once they get inside the body, they grow and develop into mature worms, and they affect…

e Three - Research and draft 1 Question 1 1.1) Give a possible diagnose and name the etiological agent involved. Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium. 1.2) Name the intermediate and definite host of this particular parasites mentioned in 1.1 Intermediate host - Freshwater snails Definite host - Humans, primates (Tierney et al., 2007) 1.3) Discuss the life cycle of this parasite mentioned in 1.1. According to Weerakoon et al.(2015), the schistosome parasite has a life cycle…

Cloudy or bloody urine is not rare among communities extremely affected by schistosomiasis; rather, it becomes so mundane that it becomes part of the culture. For example, within the Bozo communities, young men have a rite of passage much like those of young women. Just as young women have a first menstrual bleed—or menarche—men are an equivalent: blood in their urine (Dettwyler 1994, 46). Obviously, this is a symptom of schistosomiasis rather than a natural bodily function. Nevertheless, both…