Sanitary sewer

Many of the diseases that arose during this time were resulting from the dirty conditions of society. The inhabitants of a city were exposed to awful, unsanitary conditions on a normal basis. Flowing down unpaved roads were open drains and sewers. Bathing conditions were not much better, in parts of Manchester, up to 200 people would share the same outhouse. Needless to say, these privies filled up very quickly and were rarely cleaned, causing the leaking and seeping of waste into underground…

Observer, 1854. Johnson, 83, 109. Secondary: 1. Koch, Tom, Cartographies of Disease: Maps, Mapping, and Medicine, 2005. Johnson, 260. 2. Sedgwick, W. T., Principles of Sanitary Science and the Public Health with Special Reference to the Causation and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, 1902. Johnson, 194. 3. Mayhew, Henry. London Labour and the London Poor, 1985. Johnson, 2-5, 9, 125, 260. VI. Evidence 1. Chapter one, “The…

When one thinks of using the restroom, the words “public” and “community” are rarely mentioned. The act of which someone does in the bathroom feels like a tremendously private action. Even in home restrooms, one goes out of their way to hide the actions done in the space. In the bigger, community scale many people’s interactions with public restrooms are anxiety-inducing— restaurants, malls, and offices all provide more anonymity, but still invokes nervousness and fear. On a much larger scale,…

Your life in this world is categorized into a social class as soon as you are born. That’s right, the very second light shines on you your parents either were economically stable, super wealthy or barely could pay the hospital bill where you were at the moment. At first it seems as if this categorization won 't affect your life, until you grow up realizing that politics and money make the world go round and it 's a winner-takes-all society. No matter what ‘‘class’’ you live in, there is a few…

Starvation became a serious problem in Europe in the 14th century because of the black plague. The black plague 's effect reached terms to where all of the merchants refused to sell food in fear of the disease 's transmission. Also, due to the overwhelming precedence of its spread, the wiped out populations which had reached almost 50% left crops unattended. Unfortunately, as well, were heavy rains which had ruined the crops which were already growing in its over-exhausted land. With running out…

During the Industrial Revolution, there were significant changes in society and economy that were extremely favorable for all aspects of society, creating massive changes in lifestyles. These changes included an increasing mechanization, agriculture, industry, and trade. All led by scientific developments, which made a positive, and ideal picture of wellbeing and progress giving rise to urbanization. All along the Industrial Revolution there was a colossal change in the industrial system of…

Although much advancement has been made in science and medicine since the time of the Crimean War, many of Florence Nightingale’s ideas continue to hold true today. Nightingale, also known as the founder of professional nursing, can be credited with introducing principles of asepsis and infection control while advocating for improved health conditions for British soldiers during the Crimean War (Cherry & Jacob, 2014). This paper will explore Nightingale’s theory on securing the health of houses,…

of polyethylene and polystyrene in the year 2012, but it has not made a difference in the situation (David Hatch, "Citiscope", 2014). The government is still working tirelessly on the trash problem because, "It presents a health hazard by causing sewers to overflow in poor neighborhoods during storms" (David Hatch, "Citiscope", 2014). Hopefully, Annawadi and Cité Soleil get rid of or at least decrease the concentration of trash in their region for a brighter future for their…

When attempting to come across a potential topic about something that can actually make a huge impact on the lives of people, I aimed at looking for two things. The first was something that can actually affect the lives of people living in third world countries. The world currently goes through enough products to use up about 3-5 Earths, even with all these third world countries being so out of loop of the technological advances that happened in the past two to three centuries. I wanted to be…

The Outbreak of Cholera in Haiti Ayva Rodriguez Felician College The Outbreak of Cholera in Haiti It’s been almost 5 years since the cholera epidemic in Haiti affected thousands of people that even until now the pathogenic organism are still around claiming the lives of Haitian individual ("Combat Cholera," 2014). Cholera may have been around during the time of the Greek physician “…Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) and the Indian peninsula” as their record indicates the similarity of the disease…