Samuel von Pufendorf

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    The fundamental objective of international law, to regulate the relations between sovereign states, has become a standard to evaluating the effectiveness of different approaches to international law. Various philosophical disciplines have interpreted the importance and usefulness of international law in order to establish a better understanding of how international law is to be executed. This paper will take a thorough look at how two different philosophers have explained the concepts and principles that make up international law. Specifically, analyzing how Niccolò Machiavelli and Hugo Grotius present contrasting ideas of the original principles of international law and propose different ways through which international law should be justly performed. Machiavelli’s unique thoughts on international law stem from his observations of political history and his desire to bring back these ancient politics into the Christian world. He mentions Moses, Cyrus, Romulus, and Theseus as examples of founders of new civilizations, claiming that these men had to be virtuous and benefitted from more than fortune alone. Machiavelli argues “the nature of peoples is variable; and it is easy to persuade them of something, but difficult to keep them in that persuasion.” This recognizes the difficulties facing new principalities when they are trying to maintain their power. Machiavelli builds on the idea of principalities maintaining their power by explaining the principles required by all…

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    Hugo Grotius found his first serious challenge towards Natural Law posed by Euphemus, a nonbeliever, who stated that Justice always favors the powerful and “…no state can be governed without Injustice” (Grotius p. 77). Euphemus believes that the only determinant of Justice was war, itself and, “…nothing is more frequent than the mentioning of Right and Arms…” (77). Grotius fires back at Euphemus’ argument, borrowing from a Christian writer who states, “Fraud, Cruelty, Injustice, are the proper…

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    The play The Crucible is about the power of rebellion and (later) mass hysteria. Shown in the first act is a power struggle in which Abigail is defiant and dares to talk back to her minister uncle, Reverend Parris. Abigail’s actions towards her self-centered uncle foreshadow the power she and her friends would later gain. Due to the need of a scapegoat during hard times, the people of Salem, Massachusetts were quick to believe in witchcraft. Although some of the people accused seemed highly…

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    they are the abandoners of the individuals with the injustice behaviors. A king was one that people turned to for help in difficult times, and protected them when they needed one. Those were qualities and characteristics that the ancient Hebrews demanded and expected from a king. However, the king that was chosen lacked not only some of these characteristics, but also failed to meet these high expectations. “We want a king over us. Then we will be like all the other nations, with a king to…

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    A common term used to describe a situation in which various people all suffer from similar hysterical symptoms - either from a phantom illness or an inexplicable event, is mass hysteria. In Arthur Miller’s play ‘The Crucible’ the town of Salem, Massachusetts, is thrown into mass hysteria when the the word witchcraft spreads about the town. Those who have cried witchcraft have gathered at the home of Reverend Samuel Parris to see the girl, Betty Parris, who has been affected by the ‘Devil’s dark…

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    1 Samuel 25 Summary

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    The biblical book of 1 Samuel lays out the foundation of some of ancient Israelis most famous and influential kings, describing in detail the rise of king David, and the reign of his predecessor Saul. However, while presented as Israeli history, the tales of Samuel possess a clear bias in favor of King David, as the text attempts to exonerate him of any wrongdoing during his rise to king. 1 Samuel 25, a small excerpt from this larger kingship narrative, possesses important social and literal…

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    This famous quote is yelled through the town to warn them the British were advancing. Paul Revere was ordered to ride to Lexington by Joseph Warren to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock about the troops planning to attack. On the morning of April 19, 1775 the Battle of Lexington and Concord took place sparking the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. Even with the war occurring, the colonists still wanted their independence and King George the 3rd wanted to put an end to these…

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    During the periods between the end of the Seven Years War and the American Revolution, the colonies began to use no taxation without representation as both a primary force motivating the American revolutionary movement and a symbol for democracy. After the Seven Years War, the colonies began to realize their representation in Parliament was very limited, as they were being taxed against their will. Then, as thoughts of a Revolution heightened, the colonies began to realize their representation…

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    black man which would add to the shame of being white trash; therefore, Bob had to do everything in his power to cover it up. Price and Ruby also went to the same extent to cover up the fact that they were prostitutes. Prostitution is a crime in the United States resulting in imprisonment which made the girls tremble at the thought of it; therefore, they too needed to do everything in their power to avoid the consequences of such a disgraceful act. As these trials’ characteristics are…

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    play written by Arthur Miller, focusses on the horrific Salem Witch Trials that ran rampage in 1692. The disastrous events which took place shattered the Puritan society, and destroyed many of the religious values that the Puritans hold so dear. Even though this play was written in 1953, Arthur Miller includes many stylistic devices to give the play an authentic feel. Miller uses a plethora of these devices in order to make readers feel as if they are actually in the 1690s, however, the most…

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