Sampling error

developments associated with Down syndrome. In more than 90% of cases, the extra copy of chromosome comes from the mother in the egg, where only 4% of the cases, the father provides the extra copy of chromosome through the sperm. In the remaining cases, the error occurs after fertilization, as the embryo grows (NDSS, 2014).…

addition, the quadrat sampling is simple and with the table and the performance curve we were able to find the density and the area. The data can be analyze in with the curve or with the table. Both of the information provided in the curve and the table shows that 3 is the density of pill bugs in the area. The second method for estimating abundance is the mark recapture method. When performing this method the average population estimate is 190.211 beans. The standard error is 5.15812 and the…

various ways and ingestion of excess minerals (such as phosphate) poses health threats such as gastrointestinal illness, neurological disorders and reproductive issues [1]. Phosphate in drinking water is one of many minerals monitored through solution sampling. Performing a serial dilution process with the use of an indicator and a blank (composed of ammonium vanadomolybdate indicator and distilled water) as a reference,…

2.3. Pharmacokinetics of (S)-ketoprofen 2.3.1. Blood sampling On the day of the study, rats were cannulated approximately 30 min before uric acid injection and 3 h before the drugs were administered. The animals were anesthetized and the caudal artery was cannulated with a PE-10 cannula (Clay Adams, Parsippany, NJ, USA) connected to a PE-50 cannula. The cannula was kept patent with heparinized saline solution and stopped with a needle. Rats were allowed to recover from anesthesia and…

anthropogenic emissions since the 1960s. This is important for establishing the main point of this experiment as the increase of CO2 is seen to be linked to ocean Ph in figure 1. So as there is generally a strong correlation coefficient and a low standard error, we can assume that figure 2 is correct and CO2 is continuing to increase rapidly. The weak correlation coefficient for the data in the 1960s could be due to less advanced technology which could have led to greater variation/ uncertainty…

Justice Statistics, 77% of the inmate population involve drugs and there is a 93% conviction rate. So, how accurate is drug testing and what may cause a ‘false positive”? Drug testing is problematic. Unfortunately, presumptive testing, human error by handling or collection of specimen, poor or inadequate lab care, environmental factors and other indicators all have the potential of affecting drug results, thus reflecting a false positive reading. Therefore, it is reasonable to suspect that…

adjacent populations, gene flow is likely to reduce variations. However, it is likely to increase the variations in populations that are local. In the occurrence of genetic drift, the frequencies of alleles can change as a result of sampling errors. The random change is likely to occur from one generation to another. Genetic drift is very conspicuous in small populations. The small populations are highly affected by this force because the effect of chance in the random deviations from…

Rocky intertidal zonation at Lawrencetown Beach Introduction Nova Scotia has an extensive coastline with varying degrees of exposure. The intertidal zone (littoral zone) is where the ocean meets land and around Nova Scotia’s coast this zone is highly diverse, from salt marshes to mudflats and rocky shores. The intertidal zone is the area that is exposed to air at low tide and submerged by water at high tide and the species that are located here need to tolerate various levels of exposure. The…

Critical Review #2: Identity crime and misuse in Australia: Results of the 2013 online survey Behind the article: Koubaridis (2014, n.p.), a crime news reporter for News Limited, states that ‘1 in 5 Australians have been victims of identity crime [due to] computer hacking, [and] online banking and shopping [are] to blame’. Koubaridis (2014) based the article’s research on a study conducted by the Australian Institute of Criminology. Russell G. Smith and Alice Hutchings from the Australian…

chromosome instead of having the normal two copies. Trisomy 21 is the congenital disorder better known as Down syndrome. This occurs when each cell has three copies of chromosome twenty-one rather than having a normal pair. Nondisjunction is "an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis" (Huether, McCancep, 2012, p.42). Therefore, a common cause of Down syndrome is nondisjunction. Scientists have made the discovery that…