Salivary gland

Enzymes are organic catalysts that speed up reactions that occur by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. By lowering the activation energy, the chemical bonds are weakened, thus the reactions are much faster than without the catalyst. Enzymes are composed of proteins which shape dictates the function of the enzyme. On the enzyme it contains a part called the active site where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction undergoes. A substrate is the chemical involved in the…

Sialodenitis (Parotitis) Parotitis, or sialadenitis, is an inflammatory reaction of the parotid gland caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or mycobacterial penetration. The infection originates with retrograde migration of oral cavity flora through Stensen’s duct. Stasis of saliva, ductal obstruction, decreased stimulation of saliva (anorexia), decreased mastication, and poor oral hygiene contribute to retrograde migration. Chronic illnesses, recent surgical procedures, hypovolemia (diarrhea,…

since it is a more fattier food. The first step of the process is mastication, which begins in your mouth. The food is broken down into smaller pieces by the grinding of teeth and the movement of the tongue. At this point salivary amylase is secreted by the exocrine glands and breaks down the starches and simple sugars from carbohydrates. Once the hamburger is mixed with saliva and mucus, and has formed a ball called a bolus, the tongue pushes it back into the pharynx. From the pharynx, the…

affects the respiratory tract, the digestive tract, the sweat glands, and the fertility cells. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in a gene that controls the production of a protein that is needed for the controlling of water balance within a cell. When the water within the cell is abnormal, the pancreas, the lungs and also some other glands throughout the body accumulate thick mucus. The mucus clogs the sweat glands and the salivary glands. One serious symptom of the disease is when thick…

dysfunction normal oral systems & flora. In the journal, “Diabetes mellitus and its relevance to the practice of dentistry." Mark H Wilson states oral manifestations that occur in the presence of diabetes, “Gingivitis, periodontitis, dental caries, salivary gland dysfunction, oral infections, and Oro-facial sensory disturbances” (Wilson.4). Gingivitis is when there is inflammation and bleeding of the gingiva. Periodontitis is more advanced inflammation of gingiva. Periodontitis is seen more that…

triglycerides (fats from food that are carried in the blood). HCL activates pepsinogen into the enzyme pepsin which then helps with the digestion of proteins and it defends against harmful pathogens. The next experiment that was preformed was about salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is an enzyme present in saliva, catalyzes, and hydrolysis of starches into simpler compounds. It is present in human and animals saliva and helps with the predigestion of…

The enzymes in the stomach break down food as well as kill bacteria. What cells in the stomach function to form enzymes and acids? Parietal cells in the stomach create hydrochloric acid and pepsin which digests proteins. Why doesn’t gastric juice digest the inside of the stomach? The stomach mucosa that lines the stomach is able to resist the juices of the stomach acid. What are sphincters and how are they related to the stomach? The first is the cardiac sphincter located at the top of…

The mumps is an infection in the salivary glands they are extremely contagious and is commonly seen in children, the swelling of one or both salivary glands is the most clear symptom. (Mumps: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment by Mike Paddock). When the salivary glands get swelled up the person infected develop a “ hamster- like” face, in some cases the mumps can cause inflammation not only in the glands but in the pancreas or the meninges which can lead to serious damage…

Cancer Medicine (Oncology) Cancer cells arise from different normal cells, thus when the normal cells become abnormal, it allows the cancer cells to grow out of control. Cancers can start almost anywhere in the human body, it can occur in any tissue and at any time of life, but mostly, elders have the highest risk. Cancers are called neoplasm because neoplasm is new growths that arise from normal tissue. Furthermore, there are two different characteristics of neoplasm: benign and…

intestine, large intestine (colon), and other important organs such as salivary glands, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Digestion first occurs with food entering the mouth. Food is usually comprised of three macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats (lipids), and proteins. In the mouth mechanical digestion via the grinding of food between teeth and movement of the tongue help mix the food with fluid excreted by salivary glands in the mouth known as saliva. Saliva helps makes the food moist and…