Sacroiliac joint

Staff, 2017). OA is also referred to as joint failure. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of autoimmune arthritis that occurs mainly in the synovial tissue (Murphy, 2017). In normal joints, a firm, rubbery material called cartilage covers the end of each bone. Cartilage provides a smooth, flowing surface for joint motion and acts as a cushion between the bones. In OA, the cartilage breaks down, causing pain, swelling and problems moving the joint (Mayo Clinic, 2017). As this…

What is Plica syndrome? It is an irritation to the synovial membrane in the knee. This irritation is the result of repetitive friction to the tissue. Repetitive friction is due to abnormal forces at the knee, most likely in the kneecap and surrounding musculature, or may be caused by muscular weaknesses or structural abnormalities at the hip or foot, which place increased tension on the knee. “Plica syndrome can also be caused or made worse by increased activities. In some cases, a direct hit…

The joints act as connectors to all the bones of the body. Their job is to allow a person to move easily. They get a lot of use as a person ages, so they have to be tough. But they aren't impermeable to disease or injury. The most common sign that there is something wrong with one of the joints is pain. It can be caused by many medical conditions, but the following are some of the most common ones to occur: Rheumatoid Arthritis This severe type of arthritis is an autoimmune disease that is…

main types of arthritis that occur most commonly in both humans and animals, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Osteoarthritis is considered “wear and tear” of the joints, whereas Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is due to the immune system not working properly. Both diseases are highly painful and can indicate to major bone and joint problems if not handled in the correct way. During RA the body mistakes antibodies against its own proteins, which then leads to the overreaction of the immune…

both the HC and VJ start with hips, knees flexed and ankles dorsi-flexed, with muscles going from an eccentric state to a concentric state very quickly to produce a rapid movement, ending up with a triple extension of those joints (Astorino et al., 2013). As these are the main joints involved in both the HC and VJ, the major muscle groups activated are the quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal, gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior (McBride, McCaulley, & Cormie, 2008). This type of movement is a…

1.1 Introduction: The incidence of zygomatic complex fracture is relatively high. A thorough understanding of the diagnosis and the surgical principles are of critical importance. The zygomatic bone provides the facial appearance, through its cheek prominence. This prominence plays an important role in the protection of the eye. Moreover, the zygomatic bone acts as a strong buttress for the absorption and transmission of masticatory forces to the base of skull. Therefore, the optimum reduction…

The rectus femoris however is straight down the front of the thigh, sitting on top of the vastus intermedialis. All four of these muscles come together to make one big tendon that comes over the knee. These muscles are the only extensor of the knee joint, therefore very important for…

The knee is made up of four main things: bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The knee is a ball in socket and the elbow is a relatively simple hinge joint which only allows flexion and extension. The radius is smaller of the two forearm bones and sits on the outside of the joint.As spoken about before the cruciate ligaments are made up of two types of ligaments, the anterior and the posterior. They are often referred to the ‘crucial’ ligaments because it is important that the help the knee…

Healthy joint The knee joint is a synovial joint and connects the femur to the tibia and consists of two joints the tibiofemoral joint, which joins the tibia to the femur and the patellofemoral joining the kneecap to the femur. These two joints work together to form a hinge joint allowing the knee to bend and straighten and to also rotate slightly from side to side. Muscles There are two main muscles groups of the knee, the hamstrings, quadriceps and muscles of the calf all work to flex,…

knee injury in which a piece of the meniscus is torn. The meniscus is a thick, rubbery, wedge-shaped cartilage in the knee. Two menisci are located in each knee. They sit between the upper bone (femur) and lower bone (tibia) that make up the knee joint. Each meniscus acts as a shock absorber for the knee. A torn meniscus is one of the most common types of knee injuries. This injury can range from mild to severe. Surgery may be needed for a severe tear. CAUSES This injury may be caused by any…