Rupture of membranes

Research Question What is the effect of surface area on volume ratio over rate of diffusion of pigment regarding the agar cube, measure by percentage volume of diffusion through time? Hypothesis The experiment involves the use of agar cubes. If the cells of these cubes desire a great surface area to volume ratio in order to carry out their needs (exchanging materials with the environment, receiving oxygen, getting rid of waste products), the SA:V ratio will be larger. Consequently, the rate of…

Diffusion is the process in which molecules blend together because of their kinetic energy (Hyperphysics, n.d.). It is a type of transport located in the cell membrane. Diffusion could also be described as the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. The molecules do this because all molecules are constantly moving, so in enough time the molecules will spread evenly. According to figure 1, the cell will make the outside solution the same…

CELL SIGNALING AND CELL TRANSDUCTION INTRODUCTION: In this lecture, we will study about cell signaling and signal transduction. Each cell in a multicellular animal is bombarded with chemical signals that are made by other cells and this is how communication occurs at cells level by different signaling molecule. Signals that regulate cell metabolism, alter or maintain its differentiated state, determine whether it should divide, and dictate whether it will live or die. The word “signals” in…

equal both outside and inside the cell. We also conducted the Benedict test for Cell A and Cell B. We saw that Cell A had no glucose, but Cell B had glucose. From this, we could see that both water and glucose moved through the selectively permeable membrane of the dialysis Cell B. The glucose moved inside the cell so that it could also balance out the concentration of water outside and inside the cell. This also proved the concept of osmosis as well, where the water moved outside of the cell…

which are the building blocks of life. At the center of almost every cell is a dense organelle called the Nucleus. It contains the cell's genetic material and usually has a double membrane. The double membrane that protects the nucleus is similar to the thin single membrane made up of proteins and lipids. The membrane controls the passing of substances entering…

every living cell has water in it. Every living cell in surrounded by fluids. Water dissolves more substances then any other liquid. The ions dissolved in water are needed by organisms for growth and to manufacture various body substances. Every organism must keep it internal body fluids in balance in order to survive. Water uptake must balance water loss. Water- roots and root hair absorb water from the soil by osmosis. Roots are long and have a large surface area. Roots have thousand of root…

be reached by those body parts which are far away. Tiny fibres which are located in our muscles need a substantial amount of energy to be processed in order to carry out simple everyday duties such as lifting different mass objects. The plasma membrane which surrounds the cell is responsible for the exchanging…

of proteins into the nucleus occurs via a channel called nuclear pore complex (NPC), which penetrates and spans the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, hence giving a shorter pathway for proteins to enter the nucleus; inner nuclear membrane contains proteins acting as binding site for nuclear lamina, indirectly providing support for the NPC as the primary function of nuclear…

contamination protein), where the amounts of exosome protein were still uncertain. To solve this issue, we tested 10% of each tag-labeled sample using LC-MS/MS before mixing, and obtained the amount of exosome protein by a label-free method. High-abundance contamination proteins including all forms of IgG and FN were deleted from the list of identified proteins. The remaining proteins were assumed to be derived from exosomes. Then, all peptide intensities of exosome proteins were log2…

The forward osmosis (FO) process is an emerging separation/desalination process. It is rapid process compared to other membrane processes such as reverse osmosis. The physical phenomenon of forward osmosis (FO) can demonstrated as the motion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane due to difference in osmotic pressure driving force through the membrane. The membrane enables only water molecules to pass through when salt molecules are rejected. The forward desalination technique…