Royal Holloway

The First Crusade, also the most successful, began with the speech of Pope Urban II at Clermont on 27 November 1095, and was initially a response to the request for armed aid against the Turks made by the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I. However, its purpose quickly shifted and it in turn became the largest mass pilgrimage of the eleventh century, though it differed from all the others in once crucial respect, in that it was, at the same time, a war, one set against what was by some referred to as…

Due to Confucianism’s view that women are to be submissive to men in all levels of the social hierarchy, coupled with early text that shed negative light on the idea of female rulers. It made the idea of powerful women seem stranger and often unnatural since they would have challenged the authority of men. Rulers and influential women, similar to hens, represented dynastic decline. As a wife, Wu also broke standards set by Confucius followers regarding marriage. Chinese women could not have…

Introduction One of the essential things in writing or any form of media to persuade individuals is the use of rhetoric and the tools of rhetoric. This analysis will discuss the use of rhetoric in addressing an audience on the imperative issue of the current refugee crisis and its overall impact on the European continent. There are two groups of refugees that this will be focusing on, the main group are Libyan refugees and the second group are Syrian refugees. The Libyan refugee crisis started…