Routing

attackers apparently eliminate their presence in the network and make such attacks difficult to detect. The goal of such an attack is to violate the confidentiality of the communications by intercepting the network and sniffing or listening to the routing packets. Also, an adversary can actively influence the communication channel by disrupting, jamming or modifying the network packets and/or inserting false packets into the network. Jamming happens at physical layer which can cause intermission…

She gave examples, but did not know a concrete definition. This section is a little harder for me to grade. The subjectivity of the answers causes me to pause and question my score. Based upon her non-verbal routing score she needed to begin on the Nonverbal Level number 4. I added the Routing scores incorrectly at first and started her on level 3, but realized quickly these were too easy for her. I rechecked my score and stopped administration on the Quantitative Reasoning section. We went to…

In this section the fast-recovery algorithm that makes TCP NewReno[1] perform better than the Reno[3], is described. During congestion avoidance if the sender receives triple duplicate ACKs, then it performs fast-retransmission and enters into fast-recovery. In fast-retransmit the sender retransmits the lost segment,sets the threshold value for slow-start as ssthresh = cwnd/2, and sets congestion window, cwnd = ssthresh+3 segments. In fast-recovery, the sender increases its congestion window by…

The PVRP develops the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) to a planning horizon of several days. Each customer requires a certain number of visits within this time horizon while there is some flexibility on the exact days of the visits. The PVRP is a problem which occurs in companies that have to accomplish periodic repair and maintenance activities or that collect/deliver goods periodically. ¬Early formulations of the PVRP were developed by Beltrami and Bodin (1974) [13]. Christofides and…

is preserved between a source node, s and destination node, d is known as an light path. The problem in finding a route for a light path with wavelength assigned to the light path is submitted as the routing and wavelength assignment problem (RWA). The problem of RWA is divided into two parts : Routing and Wavelength Assignment. In the traffic model, the RWA problem is considered as either Static Light path Establishment (SLE) [14] where the idea is to minimize the number of wavelengths wanted…

Answer 3:- A:- When it is very expensive and slow to access the external network then we use Forwarding name server . What is does keep the records of frequently visited sites in local DNS cache. This improves the efficiency . B:- Round Robin mechanism is used for load balancing . DNS hold maximum record of entry. In round and robin mechanism it allocate IP address to the requested client as per the availability and making the server highly available . Answer 4:- "in.addr-arpa" is used to…

1.1.1 The constituent elements of capacitated vehicle routing problem All kinds of the vehicle routing problem contain a series of essential elements, which primarily are depot, customers, goods, vehicles, routes and the constraints and objective functions proposed to resolve the problem. 1. Depot. Depot is usually the beginning point and terminal of every delivery route. In a specific vehicle routing problem, the number of depot can be one or more than one. The location of the depot can be…

The dark net and all its secret Drugs, human trafficking, and cyberwarfare, these are the thing that can be found on the dark net. The dark net gives us access to all of the content that is not available to us through the normal means. It was developed in the 1990s by the U.S Navy, it is an encrypted web search that allows anyone to search anything in the comfort of their own home without the fear of being found by the authorities. The dark net has many search engines that is well protected,…

especially for the industries involving distribution. The Operational Research literature has addressed this problem by calling it as the vehicle routing problem (VRP). Vehicle scheduling or vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a combinatorial optimization and integer programming problem. The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) was introduced much before the Vehicle Routing Problem(VRP). In a way, VRP generalises the TSP. VRP first appeared in a paper by George Dantzig and John Ramser (1959), in…

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