Routing protocol

Answer 3:- A:- When it is very expensive and slow to access the external network then we use Forwarding name server . What is does keep the records of frequently visited sites in local DNS cache. This improves the efficiency . B:- Round Robin mechanism is used for load balancing . DNS hold maximum record of entry. In round and robin mechanism it allocate IP address to the requested client as per the availability and making the server highly available . Answer 4:- "in.addr-arpa" is used to remove the obstruction to subnet on non-octet boundaries. Thus making it possible to assign IP address in smaller octet then 24 bit prefix without losing the ability to delegate authority for in.addr-arpa mapping. In "in.addr-arpa" this Client request…

packet will take. Hence it is this key observation that made the solution possible, that is analyze what can’t be manipulated by the attacker; the route. Now if a system knows about the best path from a given source to any destination and if it also has some information about the global topology, it can easily analyze the route a packet took and immediately decide if it really originated from the address that it claims to be. If a packet is genuine, it must have followed the best path but if the…

SSL servers from the very early days of the protocol. Client side authentication is not implemented because it is rarely used and requires (highly CPU intensive) private key RSA operations on the client. The server is authenticated via RSA signatures. There are no restrictions on the server 's certificate chain length. The client maintains an extensible set of trusted Certification Authorities. The SSL client supports session reuse, works on J2ME running on PalmOS, Solaris and Windows, and…

communication and steal the data. Through passive eavesdropping attackers apparently eliminate their presence in the network and make such attacks difficult to detect. The goal of such an attack is to violate the confidentiality of the communications by intercepting the network and sniffing or listening to the routing packets. Also, an adversary can actively influence the communication channel by disrupting, jamming or modifying the network packets and/or inserting false packets into the…

NAME: OLA AKINKUNMI OLADAPO STUDENT NUMBER: 500687685 COURSE TITLE: CN8810 SUBMISSION DATE: October 14, 2015 QUESTION What are Routing Loops? The following techniques are used to prevent routing loops: 1. Split Horizon 2. Route poisoning 3. Hold-down timer Explain two of the above techniques briefly with diagrams. SOLUTION ROUTING LOOPS Routing loops occur as a result of inconsistent routing table. When using distance-vector routing, routers can learn “bad”…

interface for switches, routers and middle-boxes1 from diverse vendors [2]. According to Sarah Sorensen, the author of the book of “The Sustainable Network”, “SDN tackles the barriers that constrain scale, automation, and agility by decoupling the forwarding layer from the control layer, which provides a central view and control over the network.” The basic idea behind SDN is to decouple forwarding plane from control plane, therefore SDN- capable switches are merely responsible for forwarding…

A routing loop is a situation that occurs between two or more routers in which a packet is continuously routed between the routers as a result of irregularities from the routing algorithms and/or the routing tables of the routers. (routing loops, 2015). An example is when three routers are connected in a triangular pattern i.e. router A is connected to router B, router B is connected to router C and router C is connected to router A, when the network is converged, all three routers will have…

In this section the fast-recovery algorithm that makes TCP NewReno[1] perform better than the Reno[3], is described. During congestion avoidance if the sender receives triple duplicate ACKs, then it performs fast-retransmission and enters into fast-recovery. In fast-retransmit the sender retransmits the lost segment,sets the threshold value for slow-start as ssthresh = cwnd/2, and sets congestion window, cwnd = ssthresh+3 segments. In fast-recovery, the sender increases its congestion window by…

Referrals sitting in Chatswood's outlet in the MAC - 1 suburb to shift across Referrals sitting in Epping outlet in the MAC - 1 suburb to shift across Gosford is the closest office to the postcode region - 1 suburb to shift across Blacktown is the closest office to the postcode region - Share the same suburb Epping is the closest office to the postcode region - Share the same suburb Epping is the closest office to the postcode region - 1 Suburb to shift across Epping is the closest office to…

Step1: Start the program Step2: Initialize the nodes by fixing the number of nodes, type of antenna used, type of routing protocol and plotting circumference Step3: Frequency is allocated for the MIMO antennas. Step4: Positioning and plotting the nodes Step5: Base Bandwidth allocation for primary and secondary nodes • Primary network range- 2.4GHz - 2.485GHz • Secondary network range- 433.4MHz - 473MHz Step6: Setting time for node movement to move and setting the destination Step7: Traffic is…