RNA

The Ebola virus is gaining worldwide fame due to its sensational outbreak originating from Sierra Leone. The outbreaks of the virus have been recognized and effectively dealt with in the past, but the present outbreak is becoming a overwhelming challenge. Approximately there have been 15,000 suspected cases of the disease and 6,000 confirmed deaths so far. The horrifying visual hemorrhagic symptoms caused by the Ebola virus include internal and external bleeding as well as the fear inducing…

A. What is the purpose of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? List the four main components of a PCR. (2 points) The purpose of a PCR is to make large amounts of DNA segments from just a specific DNA sequence. This method is used to scientifically prove if a suspect of committing a crime is truly the person who committed the crime. The four main components of a PCR are: DNA from a sample, nucleotides A, T, G, C, DNA polymerase, and primers. B. What is gene expression? List the two steps of…

Epigenetics, a contemporary and often misunderstood topic in the field of biology, was first defined in the early 1940s as “the branch of biology which studies the causal interactions between genes and their products with bring the phenotype into being” (Dupont 2009). Since then, as understanding of the human genome has developed and grown, a complex array of errors and dysfunctions in the processes of gene regulation, expression, and replication have been shown to cause, or correlate strongly…

differences, each silencing method has specific advantages and disadvantages. Two of the most currently understood methods of gene silencing are RNA interference (RNAi) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). In RNAi, the molecules that identify the target mRNA are called small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These siRNAs are short, synthetically made double-stranded RNA molecules (Koenig et al. 2013). The combining of…

discover that this sequence coded for a tiny RNA instead of protein. It was in 1958, Francis Crick said “DNA make RNA; RNA make proteins” which means…

replication of itself mRNA transcribes DNA, tRNA translates mRNA into proteins. A pattern on nucleotide on a DNA strand is called a gene. The Central Dogma of molecular biology is: DNA codes for RNA which codes. for proteins Not all genes are expressed for the production of proteins, some have other tasks like making RNA. Some proteins are structural. Some proteins are made of hundreds or thousands of amino…

interact and generate a phenotype that was not expected in light of each of the gene’s effect [1]. In mammalian cells, most of the genetic interaction assays use RNA interference (RNAi) techniques [3], which is method of silencing a gene based in the degradation of specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Described initially in plants, RNA interference was also observed in most of the eukaryotic organisms, such as insects, mice, and humans.…

used to build a protein in a two-step process. Transcription is considered to be the first step of gene expression. It is known to be the process of making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of messenger RNA (mRNA). The process of eukaryotic transcription can be separated into three phases, initiation, elongation and termination. This complex process involves various cell signaling methods as well as the activity of many enzymes. Genes are segments…

sequencing and visualized by gel electrophoresis. It also can be cloned into plasmids. PCR is used in many fields of medicine, molecular biology research, medical diagnostics, and ecology. It is fast and inexpensive technique used to amplify DNA and RNA fragments by 107 times. The polymerase chain reaction was…

proteins are the workhorse of the cell, as they make up most tissues and organs of the body. Lipids are the storage areas. They contain the extra energy that the organism does not currently need. Nucleic acids are the parts of cells that include DNA and RNA, which dictate cell replication, and specialization. Every single organic molecule, from carbohydrates to nucleic acids is just as important as the other. All of the molecules play significant roles in allowing the organism to function…