RNA

proteins cannot form without the information stored in DNA. The solution to the problem seemed to lie in RNA, the mediator between DNA and proteins. It has been discovered that RNA can catalyze many reactions, and RNA might catalyze its own replication. If RNA could self-replicate natural selection or some other mechanism could act to create a more complex RNA. If this were the case than RNA might have increased in complexity until it could code for a viable life…

As stated previously, all that needs to be done is the guide RNA needs to lead the Cas9 enzyme to a particular location on a gene. An article in the New York Times stated that the system was so easy, that it could be mastered by a graduate student within an hour. This is a huge breakthrough when one takes into consideration…

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) within organisms can be methylated while proteins can be either methylated or acetylated. The methylation of DNA and RNA is used for alternative splicing used for production of different mRNA molecules resulting in numerous new proteins. One of the molecules believed to perform the methylation is N6A or N6 methyladenosine. Methylation is the most observed modification to mRNA molecules. Methylation of both DNA and RNA ensures…

GENE REGULATION: Gene regulation is the method of limiting the genes in the cell’s DNA, which are expressed. It is utilize to form a functional manufacture for an example protein. Various cells in a multi cellular organism might express very difficult group of genes. Although, they consist the similar DNA. Human having over ten thousands of genes in their genome. Cells are expressed the all genes. Even an organism as simple as bacterium must carefully regulate gene expression. Ensuring that the…

An operon is a cluster of genes in a bacteria that are clustered together and have related functions. Genes in an operon are coexpressed, which means that they are turned on or off under a single promoter. The genes of the arabinose operon are Ara A, Ara B, and Ara D (or the B. A. D. genes) which are all digestive enzymes that allow bacteria to break down arabinose. When Ara A, Ara B, and Ara D cluster together they form the arabinose operon. The gene that replaces the arabinose operon is the…

affected by Zika. Originating in the Zika forest of Uganda, ZIKV was predominantly found in areas of Africa and Asia. However, there have recently been reports of more than 36 countries with cases of the virus. (Chen, 1), (CDC) ZIKV is a single stranded RNA virus that was originally found in a rhesus monkey. Transmission of the virus can happen through two types of modes. The first mode of transmission is through a bite from an infected Aedes mosquito. These mosquitos are considered to be…

As aware of by most, one of the leading diseases that is causing a threat to our society currently is cancer. The prevalence of this disease is overwhelming and the treatment is possible; however, there is still need for further investigation into the cause of this disease before ¬¬¬¬¬it is thoroughly understood. Through increasing research there has been a connection made that cancer is the result of cells that continually replicate and causes for neoplasm to develop at an alarming rate (2).…

‘’DNA makes the RNA and RNA makes the protein.’’All biological cells with few exceptions in some follow this rule. This flow takes place through three fundamental processes: replication, transcription and translation. Central Dogma theory was modified when it was found that in some cases RNA carry the genetic information for DNA. The dogma is basically the transfer of sequenced information between information carrying biopolymers. There are three main classes of such biopolymers: DNA, RNA and…

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. The backbone of DNA consists of a phosphate bonded to a deoxyribose molecule. Deoxyribose is a sugar containing five carbons, and it is called deoxyribose as it is missing an oxygen atom on C2. The sugar found in RNA is oxygenated at this carbon, and is called ribose. The nucleotides of DNA are linked with phosphates at the 3' and 5' ends of the deoxyribose sugar. The 3' and 5' carbons of the deoxyribose molecule form single bonds with separate phosphate…

the gene to the protein product. This process is how DNA is coded for RNA, which basically is the turn code for the proteins in our body. DNA is in every living thing, which is the molecule that carries genetic material from the parents to their offspring. Basically, it is the most important thing in the human structure of the body. For it carries the necessary information that is needed for the construction of proteins and RNA. There is always decoding going on in the body which is using the…