RNA world hypothesis

1.INTRODUCTION p53, also known as TP53 or tumor protein, is a gene that codes for one protein which stimulates another protein that inhibits enzymes needed to drive the cell cycle and functions as a tumor suppression. It is very important for cells in the role to suppress cancer. P53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome", referring to its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation (Strachan and Read, 1999). The name is due to its molecular…

Antisense RNA molecules that target Htt mRNA have been known to impair the translation of the gene sequence into the protein in vitro. However, the process of designing an siRNA which would target the mutant CAG repeat does inevitably result in degradation of normal…

3-2-1 Assignment- Genetic Inheritance 3 Main Points: 1. The cell contains three important things. Those three things are the nucleus, mitochondria, and the ribosomes. The nucleus consists of DNA and RNA molecules which contain hereditary information that has a jurisdiction of the cell’s purpose. The mitochondria contains mtDNA distinctive influence in human developmental research. Lastly, the ribosomes are the basic necessity to the process of protein synthesis. 2. Meiosis is a process where…

James Watson is known to have received his degrees at the University of Chicago and his PHD at the University of India. He then met Francis Crick at the University of Cambridge where he later worked after receiving his PHD. Francis Crick during the World War II was some biophysics who held develop radar and magnetic mines then after the war he then began the structure of DNA research with James Watson at the University of Cambridge. These two great scientist who are still remembered till…

Saibhuvaneswari RA1611014010048 JUMPING GENES Transposable elements (TEs), also known as "jumping genes" or transposons, are sequences of DNA that move (or jump) from one location in the genome to another. A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. The transposable elements make…

1. Francis Crick Crick discovered the relative distances of the repetitive elements in the DNA molecule, and the dimensions of the monoclinic unit cell which indicated that the molecule was in two matching parts, running in opposite directions. He also, in collaboration with Watson discovered the material that our genes are made of and put forward the model of the double helix DNA structure which included the measurements of the angels formed by different chemical bonds. Crick in collaboration…

‘’DNA makes the RNA and RNA makes the protein.’’All biological cells with few exceptions in some follow this rule. This flow takes place through three fundamental processes: replication, transcription and translation. Central Dogma theory was modified when it was found that in some cases RNA carry the genetic information for DNA. The dogma is basically the transfer of sequenced information between information carrying biopolymers. There are three main classes of such biopolymers: DNA, RNA and…

Suppose we have a certain segment of a DNA molecule ,a gene for example that we want to amplify ,that is make many identical copies of that gene of interest, one way is to basically take that gene to integrate it into a bacterial plasmid to place that recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell and to allow that bacterial cell to divide many times and eventually make many copies of that gene of interest. The problem with this particular method is that it is not only time consuming and not only is…

Figure 2. The proteomic organization of three subfamilies of Smads (Co-Smad, R-Smad and I-Smad) and organization of a Smad MH1 domain with DNA. (A) All Smads information taken from PDB entry Smad>UniProt Gene list of Smads. The conserved N-terminal MH1 domain is in red, linker region in dark blue and the C-terminal MH2 domain in deep yellow. In the linker region the red PXS/TP (or S/TP) indicates the potential phosphorylation site for MAPKs ERK1/2, and the square indicates the PY…

Deoxyribonucleic acid is known as the molecule of inheritance where its structure dictates its function in storing the genetic information of the organism (Rafael, 2010). This molecule contains genes which encode proteins needed for the complex biochemical metabolic reactions which occur within the organism (Rafael, 2010). The DNA molecule consists of 2 complementary strands in a helical structure where each strand serves as an informational template for the offspring during duplication (Rafael,…