RNA world hypothesis

Figure 5. Rosiglitazone (highlighted in green) forms three salt bridges with neighboring atoms at the hydrophilic end of the LBD. Rosiglitazone binding to PPARγ causes a conformational change within the complex that causes the dissociation of the endogenous ligand and the recruitment of a nuclear receptor coactivator 2, NCoA-2. This similarly occurs in the other half of the complex: RXRα Receptor A type II nuclear receptor as well, RXR-α heterodimerizes with PPARγ. The ligand that…

1) The major difference between these two is that the RNA viruses have RNA in their genome while the DNA viruses have DNA in their genome. Both the DNA and RNA cannot be found in the same virus. RNA virus first adsorbs to the host cell surface. Then the attached virus fuses with the endosome membrane. Unlike RNA viruses, DNA viruses pass their DNA into the nucleus of the host cell and not into the cytoplasm of the host cell. 2) Lysis: refers to the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often…

Journal Article Assignment Name: Elaine Lieu ID: 20624252 Section: 112 TA: Jocelyn Chan Cell Bio Bites Topic: Ribosomal Function and Ricin – Why is this product of castor beans so lethal? Define the key terms (scientific words) in your own words. (notes or textbook can be used as sources) Ricin toxin A (RTA) → toxic protein from seeds of castor plants. Subunit A depurinates adenine in cells Mutants → The process of a gene or chromosome being altered Apoptosis → cell suicide Cell signaling…

principle that nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are negatively charged. This means that if you put nucleic acids in an electric field, they will migrate away from the negative end of the field and toward the positive end. The nucleic acids are placed inside the gel for two main reasons. One, the gel is a way of holding them to know where they are. Two, the migration needs to occur in a manner that allows for the separation of different-sized pieces of DNA or RNA. The gel has many microscopic…

DNA is an important molecule for life. It is much like a manual telling the instructions of how bodies develop and function. DNA is the acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid. What is DNA made of? DNA is a molecule of nucleotides, such as adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. They are shown by their first letter: A- Adenine T- Thymine C- Cytosine G- Guanine The backbone that holds the nucleotides are called phosphate and deoxyribose. The nucleotides are known as bases. Human body has about 210…

functions and their contribution for DS phenotype are fundamental for the understanding of the syndrome and for providing basis for the planning of therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life of DS individuals. The first and most accepted hypothesis for DS phenotype is that the triple genes are “overexpressed” and the imbalance of genes on chromosome 21 is why there is molecular dysfunctions in DS. Higher levels of gene expression on chromosome 21 tissues are reported in several…

The objective of the first problem summary assignment was to compose an essay illustrating the impact of non-coding on gene expression, utilize primary articles to discuss the role of specific non-coding RNA molecules in the transcriptome, and examine the implications of current study on future research. In order to accomplish this, I analyzed and summarized the primary research article by Chen et al., which discussed the role of Malat1 in cellular proliferation and differentiation. Once I…

experiments on white blood cells showed that the nuclein dissolved in weak alkalies but not in water and acids. Later studies demonstrated that all living organisms have DNA and that any kinds of cell such as hair, skin, or plant cells all have DNA. Plenty of research and experimentation went into solving the structure of DNA and the invention of paper chromatography allowed Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002) to make a contribution in establishing the structure of DNA and how it transmitted genetic…

Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry 1954 "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"1 however he made significant discoveries in many areas of chemistry including physical and biochemistry. He also made several contributions to both theoretical and applied science from genetic diseases to diagnostic technology.2 Professor G. Hägg, member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry stated in 1954…

Another problem is that in this world today who owns the patent, who can truly say that this was their discovery, and what does CRISPR really do? Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR for short, are segments of DNA that contain short, repeating sequences. The repetitions are then followed by segments of DNA from the host DNA strand. A simple version, CRISPR-Cas9, has been modified to edit genomes. By delivering the Cas9 with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell,…