RNA virus

6F4Z1003- Genetics, Adaptation and Diversity Practical Report Section 1- Calculations and Pedigrees 1. In DNA extraction the proteins absorb light at 260nm and 280nm, especially the aromatic acids. 2. 250µg to nm, 250 x 1000 = 250,000ng. 3. 200ng/ml = 0.2µg/ml. 150µg/ml = 150,000µg/ml 250,000pg/µl = 250µg/ml 1mg/ml = 1000µg/ml ● 150,00µg/ml - HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF DNA ● 1000µg/ml ● 250µg/ml ● 0.2µg/ml - LOWEST CONCENTRATION OF DNA 4. Sodium dodecyl sulphate is used as a…

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. The backbone of DNA consists of a phosphate bonded to a deoxyribose molecule. Deoxyribose is a sugar containing five carbons, and it is called deoxyribose as it is missing an oxygen atom on C2. The sugar found in RNA is oxygenated at this carbon, and is called ribose. The nucleotides of DNA are linked with phosphates at the 3' and 5' ends of the deoxyribose sugar. The 3' and 5' carbons of the deoxyribose molecule form single bonds with separate phosphate…

Many endosymbiotic theories have figured in opinion about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of Endosymbiotic theories have been presented in literature to explain the origin of eukaryotes and their mitochondria (Martin, Garg and Zimorski, 2015, p.1678). A Prokaryotic cell contains structural components such as: Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria contain a thick cell wall with many layers of peptidoglycan…

I feel as if the chapters of life, species, and environment are the most relatable to lecture as well as our biology class as a whole. First and foremost, Ridley addresses life in his first chapter. This chapter consisted of the evolution of RNA to DNA. RNA was first on this planet Earth and it was the creator of life. On the opposition,…

neuronal wiring is similar to that of humans. We focused on the role of three sensory neurons in the nose of the nematode—the 1) AWA and 2) AWC neurons are involved in chemo-attraction and the 3) AWB neurons are involved in repulsion. With the use of RNA interference (RNAi), we diminished or eliminateed specialized proteins within the worms to test if their olfactory…

Genome is the genetic complement of an individual. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of DNA/RNA. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean that stored on a complement set of nuclear DNA but can also be applied to that stored within organelles that contain their own DNA as with the mitochondrial genome or the chloroplast genome. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes genome contain significant portion of repetitive DNA, there are two categories of repetitive DNA in…

A. What is the purpose of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? List the four main components of a PCR. (2 points) The purpose of a PCR is to make large amounts of DNA segments from just a specific DNA sequence. This method is used to scientifically prove if a suspect of committing a crime is truly the person who committed the crime. The four main components of a PCR are: DNA from a sample, nucleotides A, T, G, C, DNA polymerase, and primers. B. What is gene expression? List the two steps of…

Chirality is a geometric property of some molecules and ions. A chiral molecule/ion is non- superimposable on its mirror image. The presence of an asymmetric carbon atom is one of several structural features that induce chirality in organic and inorganic molecules. Many biologically active molecules are chiral, including the naturally occurring amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and sugars. In biological systems, most of these compounds are of the same chirality: most amino acids are…

Mutations are random. There are several reasons for mutations to occur. This essay will discuss what is a mutation, furthermore, it will examine different types of mutations that can occur, and it will inform you about how helpful and harmful mutations really are. Mutation is a change that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid sequence, gene or structure, due to mistakes that occur when the DNA is transcripted or because of environmental changes. Mutation occurs when there is a mistake in the…

Organelle Failure Nucleus: The nucleus of a cell is, without doubt, one of the most important parts of the cell. The nucleus instructs every single part of the cell what to do, and what the different organelles need to do. The nucleus includes chromatin (protein and DNA). It also contains Nucleolus (nucleoli is plural). These nucleoli are responsible for ribosome production. If the nucleus were to suddenly malfunction, this would mean that the cell would have no directions, and nothing to…