RNA polymerase

of the individuals. The DNA is then copied by the RNA and synthesized into protein. The process of transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, is where the instruction of the gene expression is most likely to occur. Prokaryote allows a continual synthesis of protein to occur. On the other hand, in…

also its function. The expression must be controlled by some kind of regulation in the processes of transcription and translation. For example, in transcription, enhancer sequences provide binding sites for regulatory proteins that will affect RNA polymerase activity. On a related note, the size of proteins can be analyzed using SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel). This technique is useful since it denatures and coats each protein being tested with the same charge, using β-…

Saibhuvaneswari RA1611014010048 JUMPING GENES Transposable elements (TEs), also known as "jumping genes" or transposons, are sequences of DNA that move (or jump) from one location in the genome to another. A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. The transposable elements make…

PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory method that is used to form number of copies of a specific region of DNA interested in. The principle of the polymerase chain reaction is based on the natural replication process of DNA and complementary nucleic acid hybridization. The goal of the PCR is to produce required amount of the target DNA region that is be analyzed. PCR amplified DNA is sent for sequencing and visualized by gel electrophoresis. It also can…

Between 2004-2014, carbon dioxide emissions increased at a shocking average rate of 2.5% annually.1 These carbon emissions come from a variety of sources such as homes, food production, and vehicle exhaust.2 The excess carbon in the atmosphere not only contributes to the greenhouse gas effect causing global temperatures to rise, but also has destructive effects on the environment such as extreme droughts, lowered biodiversity, and food source instability.3,4 In 2009, world leaders met in…

bases. DNA polymerase now attaches DNA nucleotides to one end of the growing strand of nucleotides. Now there are two DNA molecules, each has an original nucleotide strand beside the new strand. The two molecules are now identical to each other(McGraw-Hill). Transcription is the process in which DNA is converted to RNA. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule. RNA is involved in protein synthesis, and it is sometimes even in the transmission of genetic information. The main job of RNA is…

affected by Zika. Originating in the Zika forest of Uganda, ZIKV was predominantly found in areas of Africa and Asia. However, there have recently been reports of more than 36 countries with cases of the virus. (Chen, 1), (CDC) ZIKV is a single stranded RNA virus that was originally found in a rhesus monkey. Transmission of the virus can happen through two types of modes. The first mode of transmission is through a bite from an infected Aedes mosquito. These mosquitos are considered to be…

Results Design of the RNAi vector The PMT gene family is well conserved among the Solanales. There are five genes in the PMT gene family (PMT1 to PMT5) which differ in the exon 1 sequence due to the insertion of a variable number of 33 nucleotide repeats. This makes the first exon as an ideal region for the design of gene specific RNAi trigger sequence (Fig 1A). Full-length sequences are available for four PMT genes (PMT1 to PMT4) whereas only the sequence of exon1 is known for PMT5 which…

Introduction: DNA, RNA and Proteins, these are three types of very large molecules essential for every living organism, for their biological functioning. Each molecule, DNA, RNA and Protein, play a vital role in living organisms, without them no life could survive. Let’s understand functionality one by one: • DNA consists of encoded instructions which are necessary to maintain, assemble and reproduce. • Proteins play important role in movement, photosynthesis, vision etc. • RNA is used to make…

Photothermal therapy would support the nano-carriers with the RNA by creating a pathway through the cell to the nucleus. In which the nanomedicine will introduce foreign RNA to modify the genetics while the reactivity of the heat from the P.T therapy would enhance the strength of the nucleotide. There are two methods for this drug delivery. One takes place above 50…