RNA polymerase

Ebola virus disease (EVD) causes major illness in humans, which leads to death; this virus is the most lethal virus that has infected primates. The appeared originally in areas of Sudan and Zaire in the year of 1976. It is believed that the natural reservoir of the virus comes from fruit bats. Ebola is part of the Filoviridae family. The virus is mostly transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids such as saliva and blood. Ebola can be difficult to detect in the beginning due to its…

For people who have Alzheimer’s, the brain has a deficit in the transport of the nucleus of DNA methyltransferase 1 and RNA polymerase II with an abnormal sequence in the cytoplasm (Mastroeni 2013). This is so vital to the process because it disrupts the transport of transcription between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which leads to this disease. Also a big factor is remodeling…

or Gram negative, after Gram staining, there will be an ability to view the morphology or shape of this bacteria. The doctor can further test for the bacteria present, after the doctor uses gram staining, they can then use the catalase test, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to further positively identify the…

About 400,00 individuals are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) in the United States and about 2.3 million people worldwide (National Multiple Sclerosis Society, 2002). The majority of symptoms commence between ages 20 and 40, with greater risk for women to be twice as likely to develop the disease (National Institute of Health, 2014). The exact cause of MS is unknown but there research shows there are geographic (people who live further from the equator), genetic, race (Northern European…

chromosomal ends; all of which will result in chromosomal instability, cellular senescence and apoptosis (O 'Sullivan and Karlseder, 2010). Since DNA replication can only occur in the 5’ to 3’ direction and requires a primer, it is not possible for DNA polymerase to replicate the 3’ ends of linear chromosomes, and the ends of the chromosomes would not be replicated. Telomeres are subsequently shortened during the process of replication; this way the coding section of DNA is preserved. Because of…

It was time to depart. The engines had been warmed up, the supplies were ready and the equipment had been installed and was ready to use. “Five, four, three, two, one, BLAST-Off” chanted Captain Xerox at headquarters, and with that our micro-V96 craft was propelled towards the cell membrane for the first leg of our journey to investigate the process of Protein Synthesis in a eukaryotic animal cell. The cell membrane is a delicate wall of phospholipid molecules, consisting of hydrophilic heads…

Over the past decade exome sequencing has become a very useful tool in genetic testing. While there are many other methods used for genetic testing, exome sequencing has many advantages over them. Much like any other method, exome sequencing has a few practical limitations. Though this type of sequencing is a fairly new method, more recent research has found it extremely beneficial in aiding with genetic disease diagnosis as well as cancer studies. Through the analysis of exome sequencing,…

Ebola virus disease EVD or “Ebola” is a severe human and non-human primate disease caused by Ebola viruses. These viruses belongs to the family: Filoviridae, Genus: Ebolavirus, Species: Tai forest ebolavirus (TAFV), Reston ebolavirus (RESTV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) and Bundibugy ebolavirus (BOBV) (Bukreyev et al., 2014). Zaire ebolavirus or simply Ebola virus (EBOV) is the most virulent of the genus and accounts for the highest numbers of outbreaks. The virus spreads by…

Chromatin is a compacted form of chromosomal DNA, the basic unit of which is the nucleosome, consisting of 146 bp of DNA wrapped around a core histone octamer. To regulate the structure of chromatin, histones undergo a large number of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, ADP ribosylation, beta-N-acetylglucosamine and deamination. These modifications can also recruit other remodeling proteins and complexes to reposition…

DNA has short segments, which are called genes. The transcription of these genes gives the mRNA fragments, which, after translation, gives active product like proteins or other forms of RNAs. Briefly, it can be said that DNA is a basic heredity material in most of the organisms on this planet. Structure of DNA: The double helical structure of DNA has been discovered in 1953 by the collective efforts of many scientists but two most important…