RNA polymerase

The random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) method was used to examine the genetic variability of Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabr.) populations at heavy metal polluted and unpolluted locations of different geographical distances. Four primers yielded a total of 69 scorable bands, which are all polymorphic. Cluster and Principal component analysis separated the inside and outside Cairo populations into two main branches that were further separated into smaller ones,…

pyrosequencing template is biotinylated. After denaturation, the biotinylated single-stranded PCR amplicon is isolated and allowed to hybrdizine with a sequencing primer. The hybridized primer and single stranded template are incubated with enzymes DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, luceriferase and apyrase as well as adenosine 5’ phosphosulfate and luciferin. As nucleotides are incorporated, ATP sulfurylase converts PPi to ATP which drive the luciferase mediated conversion of luciferin to…

Introduction: Lactase is an enzyme that helps to digest lactose, a sugar found in many dairy products (U.S National Library of Medicine 2013). This enzyme is made through instructions provided by the LCT gene. Lactase is primarily produced and found in the cells that line the walls of the small intestine. At the brush border, an area where microvilli absorb nutrients from food as it passes by, lactose breaks down lactose into simpler sugars like glucose through a hydrolysis reaction (Biology…

buffer (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA), 200 M dNTPs (New England Biolabs), 400 nM each primer and 2.5 unit Taq polymerase (New England Biolabs) 20L PCR mix were prepared. For initial denaturation one cycle 94°C was applied. After that 35 cycles of , 94 °C for 45 seconds (DNA denaturation) 54 °C for 45 sec (oligonucleotide primer annealing), and 72 °C for 1 min (Taq polymerase extension) were applied. Lastly, 1 cycle of 72 °C for 10 min was applied for a final…

Otto Schneider Grade 10 Biology Ms Ruebe D Assessment - DNA Technology DNA Profiling Forensic Identification Forensic Identification refers to the use of forensic science to identify objects from trace evidence found on them. Trace evidence is used to reconstruct crimes or accidents. DNA profiling is a method in forensic science which can identify individuals by their DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of letters that represent a person’s DNA makeup. These sets can be used as a…

Materials 1. Micropipette 2. Micropipette Tips 3. WARDS’S quick view DNA Stain 4. Prepared Agarose 0.8% 5. Tris-Borate-EDTA 5x Buffer 6. Electrophoresis Mold 7. Electrophoresis comb 8. Electrophoresis chamber 9. Electrophoresis power pack and cords 10. DNA from cow liver 11. DNA from chicken liver 12. 224 grams of fresh cow’s liver 13. 224 grams of fresh chicken liver 14. Meat tenderizer 15. Kitchen knife 16. Blender 17. 2.5 ml Salt 18. 31 ml dishwashing liquid (Dawn) 19. 354 ml warm water 20.…

shock. Further, the plasmids were isolated and purified by using the "Wizard" mini-columns and then digested with restriction digest reactions: double digest and single digest. The products were compared with the sample without any enzymes; finally, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to amplify purified DNA. Overall, in the ligations, miniprep, restriction digest reactions, and PCR experiments, every sample was analyzed and identified by using gel electrophoresis. In one experiment,…

In week one Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify RTKs that were derived from thoroughly smashing five fruit flies and was combined with 1 ml Buffer A (630 ul ddH2O, 100ul 1M Tris/Hcl pH7.6, 200 µl 0.5M EDTA, 20 µl 5M NaCl, and 50 µl 10% SDS), then incubated for 15 minutes at 65˚C so that as much DNA could be secluded as possible. 200 ul of KAc/LiCl working solution, 1 part 5M KAc (potassium acetate) and 2.5 parts 6M LiCL (lithium chloride), mixed and chilled for a full 10 minutes.…

molecular technique known as PCR, or the polymerase chain reaction, was discovered by a biochemist named Kary Mullis. Mullis was doing research in the early 1980s at a biotechnology company in California when he initially thought of the idea regarding PCR. PCR was developed by a combination of several techniques already in existence; the synthesis of oligonucleotides and their utilization to synthesize new copies of DNA that were specific using DNA polymerases. Mullis specifically used two…

Results: Table 1: Raw data that shows how changing the mass(g) of soap in the extraction solution affects the mass of DNA extracted from the kiwi (g) Mass of DNA extracted from kiwi (g) Set Mass of Soap in extraction solution (g) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 1 0.5 1.25 0.74 0.24 2.04 0.30 2 1 1.41 1.38 1.26 1.52 1.36 3 1.5 1.91 1.48 2.39 2.63 2.00 4 2 2.43 3.34 3.26 3.01 3.62 5 2.5 2.65 4.00 5.32 3.52 3.95 All results are recorded with 2 decimal points for higher accuracy Numbers…