RNA polymerase I

The cyano-ethoxy carbonyl protection Manoharan et al. (1999) developed 2(cyanoethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide S.27a a stable, crystalline, and convenient reagent for the protection of pendant akylamines in oligonucleotides (Figure X.X.X). The 2-cyanoethyl (ce) group is the most common phosphate protecting group in oligonucleotides; however, ce and corresponding 2-(cyanoethoxycarbonyl) group were not utilized for the nucleobase protection until 2000. Merk et al. (2000) developed…

Protein structure prediction is that the prediction of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its organic compound sequence — that's, the prediction of its folding and its secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure from its primary structure. Structure prediction is essentially totally different from the inverse downside of protein style. protein structure prediction is one among the foremost necessary goals pursued by bioinformatics and theoretical chemistry; it's extremely…

6F4Z1003- Genetics, Adaptation and Diversity Practical Report Section 1- Calculations and Pedigrees 1. In DNA extraction the proteins absorb light at 260nm and 280nm, especially the aromatic acids. 2. 250µg to nm, 250 x 1000 = 250,000ng. 3. 200ng/ml = 0.2µg/ml. 150µg/ml = 150,000µg/ml 250,000pg/µl = 250µg/ml 1mg/ml = 1000µg/ml ● 150,00µg/ml - HIGHEST CONCENTRATION OF DNA ● 1000µg/ml ● 250µg/ml ● 0.2µg/ml - LOWEST CONCENTRATION OF DNA 4. Sodium dodecyl sulphate is used as a…

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. The backbone of DNA consists of a phosphate bonded to a deoxyribose molecule. Deoxyribose is a sugar containing five carbons, and it is called deoxyribose as it is missing an oxygen atom on C2. The sugar found in RNA is oxygenated at this carbon, and is called ribose. The nucleotides of DNA are linked with phosphates at the 3' and 5' ends of the deoxyribose sugar. The 3' and 5' carbons of the deoxyribose molecule form single bonds with separate phosphate…

to protect the genome from any chemical or physical agents from harming it. In addition, the icosahedral shape is made up of identical subunits, the virus will better utilize its genome to encode proteins for the capsid. Finally, the last reason that I believe icosahedral structures have been favored by evolution is simply because they allow delivery of the genome by specific binding to external receptors on the host cell, which transmit specific signals that tend to induce uncoating of the…

Many endosymbiotic theories have figured in opinion about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of Endosymbiotic theories have been presented in literature to explain the origin of eukaryotes and their mitochondria (Martin, Garg and Zimorski, 2015, p.1678). A Prokaryotic cell contains structural components such as: Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan. Gram-positive bacteria contain a thick cell wall with many layers of peptidoglycan…

While reading the book Genome by Matt Ridley, I started to hone in on some of the key topics and main ideas to take away from this novel. It was a very interesting read that introduced new ideas to me. Many of the ideas in the book applied directly to our Biology class. Some topics that were covered in lecture can be directly applied to the book. Matt Ridley talks about many important things in his novel; however, I feel as if the chapters of life, species, and environment are the most…

neuronal wiring is similar to that of humans. We focused on the role of three sensory neurons in the nose of the nematode—the 1) AWA and 2) AWC neurons are involved in chemo-attraction and the 3) AWB neurons are involved in repulsion. With the use of RNA interference (RNAi), we diminished or eliminateed specialized proteins within the worms to test if their olfactory…

Genome is the genetic complement of an individual. The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of DNA/RNA. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean that stored on a complement set of nuclear DNA but can also be applied to that stored within organelles that contain their own DNA as with the mitochondrial genome or the chloroplast genome. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes genome contain significant portion of repetitive DNA, there are two categories of repetitive DNA in…

A. What is the purpose of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? List the four main components of a PCR. (2 points) The purpose of a PCR is to make large amounts of DNA segments from just a specific DNA sequence. This method is used to scientifically prove if a suspect of committing a crime is truly the person who committed the crime. The four main components of a PCR are: DNA from a sample, nucleotides A, T, G, C, DNA polymerase, and primers. B. What is gene expression? List the two steps of…