Module #11 Chapter 21 Books cited: Becker’s world of the cell: J. Hardin, G. Bertoni, and L. Kleinsmith: 8th edition; pgs. 645-646 & 657–659. Question #1 from D2L: What is the central dogma of molecular biology? The central dogma is the explanation of how genetic information flows as it is passed from DNA to RNA to protein. DNA replicates and converts the information it carries into RNA, this process is called transcription. During transcription the information is passed through nucleic…
The Influenza virus has genetic material inside the nucleus in order for the the virus to duplicate and make more copies that can infect humans or animals. There are spikes of protein molecules on the outer shell of the envelope that attack other cells with the virus. The ‘H spikes’ are used to infect other cells whereas the ‘N spikes’ are used to break away from the infected cells once copies are made to infect more cells. These “spikes” are known as protein molecules, hemagglutinin and…
Introduction: Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have membrane bound organelles, such as ribosomes and include organisms such as bacteria. In contrast, eukaryotic cells contains organelles and are often more complex organisms (Karp, 2010). These cells have some similar features such as the plasma membrane and the use of ribosomes to make proteins. However, there are also significant differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Whilst the prokaryotic/ eukaryotic…
Results After testing the absorbance of Control and Treatment with Penicillin and Streptomycin cultures over a 160-minute time period, three phenomena for the three different cultures were recorded and made into the graphs below. An upward trend of the absorbance in the Control culture as time progresses can be observed. Compared to the upward sloping absorbance curve of Control Treatment, both absorbance curves of Penicillin Treatment and Streptomycin Treatment have different directions of…
Within this cytosol most organelles will be found. Some of these organelles are shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes including ribosomes which are very small and are involved in making proteins. In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes there may be a structure called a flagellum which is a projection or continuation of the body of the cell and is used for locomotion. In bacteria cells this…
key role in translation are transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomes. tRNA is a RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosomes where they will be added to a growing polypeptide chain. They contain a base pair of 3 amino acids that can bind to the complementary mRNA codons. The relationship between codons and amino acids is known as the genetic code where it defines how sequences of codons specify which amino acid will be added next. Ribosomes are large structures within the cytoplasm that…
is the airflow of the spaceship because the lysosomes dispose the waste,just the the same as the space shuttle disposes the waste in a airflow. The Ribosomes are the one that make protein to support the whole cell. The spaceship when it needs repairs it either goes back to earth or finds a friendly port and gets the repairs,so The port is like ribosomes because the spaceship needs the port or the repairs done or it can not go on. The Vacuoles is like the service module because the…
possibly due to the organelles within the cells. Other differences that were not observable under the microscope, is that yeast, being a eukaryotic, contains membrane bound organelles, an endomembrane system, as well as a cytoskeletal system. The ribosomes of yeast cells are also larger at 80S, than the…
This paper is going to describe the replication of DNA and RNA and the processes of transcription and translation of protein synthesis. What is DNA? DNA is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in cells and some viruses, consisting of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. DNA sequences are replicated by the cell prior to cell division and may include genes,…
why the nuclear envelope forms nuclear pores. These are small openings embedded with ribosomes and proteins that allow other molecules to enter. The DNA located in the nucleus is formed into structures called chromosomes, as opposed to the circular DNA in prokaryotic cells. This structure allows it to go through the process of meiosis. Also located in the nucleus is the nucleolus. Inside the nucleolus are ribosomes. They are responsible for making the proteins necessary to the…