Ribosome

Insulin, one of the most important peptide hormone in the body, which plays significant role in maintaining the blood glucose level in the body. Under certain physiological conditions such as pregnancy, the body mechanism changes due to elevated levels of certain secretory factor like leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α, plasminogen activator and testosterone (McLachlan et al., 2006), which produces certain adverse effects, insulin resistance being the most prominent one, where the…

Alexander Fleming “discovered the existence penicillin through a combination of perceptiveness and luck” (Krogh, 2011, p. 398). While he was growing bacteria in a petri dish, he notices the appearance of a type of fungus. The contamination caught the attention of Fleming. He realizes that he had found a substance that had the power to kill bacteria. Fleming continued to grow more fungal mold and tested it on different kind of bacteria. Additionally, he tested it on healthy mice in which he…

Bacteria, virus, and prions all play a part in our life, good and bad. Bacteria are forms of life that are considered living. That’s the difference between virus and prions, who lack the ability to reproduce once they are isolated. The reason behind that is because viruses and prions need a host to reproduce. Bacteria are single celled microbes. The cell is simpler than other organisms because there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelle. Bacteria’s genetic information is contained in a…

God’s work is evident in DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid in our cells is very similar to an intricate computer program. Binary code is made up of 1’s and 0’s, similarly DNA is made up of A,T,G, and C. They are arranged and lined up in a sequence, and the order in which they are placed instructs the cell’s actions. Although DNA is passed down, it has distinct characteristics that make it yours. This is the reason why when there is a crime scene and your DNA is found, they know exactly who you are…

Reproduction of Archaebacteria Archaeal bacteria do not have a nucleus, so it can not go through mitosis. In a means to reproduce, they procreate using binary fission. During the process multiple fission, the replication of the archaeal DNA occurs and the two strands are pulled apart. Archaeal chromosomes replicate using DNA polymerases that mirror complements eukaryotic enzymes. Protein FtsZ, the protein that directs cell division, forms a contracting ring around the cell. The factors of the…

vaccine adds antibodies to the blood which prevent the virus from killing the cells. In addition to all of these discoveries, researchers have also created a whole new virus by combining ribonucleic acid from the polio virus and the cytoplasm and ribosomes of HeLa cells. That was important because previously scientists had thought that viruses could only reproduce in whole cells. That…

What are chloroplasts, where did they come from and what are they good for? We all know that chloroplasts are the site for photosynthesis in plants and what makes plants autotrophic. It allows the plant to be known as the ‘producer’ in a food chain. Being such an essential part of the plant cell, the question arises, where exactly did it come from in the first place: has it been a part of the plant cell since the beginning of time or did it evolve from some other species, and how is it able to…

From what I gathered from the first video, I learned that a genome is every one of the qualities in addition to some others that make up a living thing. In the first video that I watched it pretty much just explained to us know what a genome is. Our genome is the code that cells use to know how to behave. The first human genome was brought up in 2003. It took two decades to finish and it cost over three billion dollars. Our genome is the code that cells use to know how to carry on. Cells that…

Protein-protein interaction can be defined as the interactions between different protein molecules within the cellular organization leading to formation of large protein complex which is modulated by non-covalent interactions such as hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond, van der Waals interactions etc. Protein-protein interaction plays an important role in functioning of body’s significant mechanism such as replication, transcription, translation, signal transduction, cell cycle, etc. Thus,…

1.1 The structure of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is often referred to as “the molecule of life”. It encodes the instructions that are used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The molecule itself was first discovered in 1860 by Friedrich Miescher (reviewed in Dahm 2005). Further work was performed by other chemists, including Phoebus Levene who identified the components of the molecule, including the presence of ribose sugars and phosphate groups, as well as four…