Reverse transcriptase

medications may even help with stopping the spread of the HIV virus. The regimen of medications is tailored to the individual patient. There are several different categories of medications available. (NIH) Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) work by blocking reverse transcriptase, which is an enzyme that the HIV virus needs to make copies of itself. Some of the medications in this category are; Ziagen, Videx, Epivir, Zerit and Retrovir (AZT) Retrovir is the first medication to…

Summary About Country Policy Brief Improving Blood Safety in Uganda (AIDS) In the early years of the worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic, a safe blood supply was a basic concern for stopping the transmission of HIV in developing and developed nations. Over the years, prominent measures have been made in improving blood safety, yet it keeps on being an ongoing challenge in developing nations and progressing specialized support. Centers for Disease Control, through its work in executing the President 's…

in on a combination of drugs a form of therapy called first line therapy. If the virus becomes resistant over time or the side effects are to severe the patients are switch to combination of protein inhibitors called Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor as suggested by World health organization(WHO)8. This is referred to as second line treatment. As stated in the Evaluation of the WHO criteria for antiretroviral treatment…

shares with the essential characteristics of that family. The virion contains genetic information in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA), protected by a membrane envelope. Retroviruses insert their genetic information into the host cell by action transcriptase…

them from simulating B cells to secrete antibodies. It also prevents helper T cells from activating CD8 cells that are cytotoxic T cells which are antiviral cells. (van Baarle et al) HIV carries single-stranded RNA that, when coupled with reverse transcriptase, creates HIV DNA. When HIV enters the body, it attaches and fuses with the host cell. After the RNA is converted to DNA, it uses the host cell’s components to replicate the virus over and over again. Mature copies leave the cell and go on…

Eradication of HIV There are many ways that HIV is transmitted but if the risk factors were taken out would there be as many individuals affected by this disease? If there was an immunization to protect the CD4 cells would AIDS be a syndrome anymore? Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is not possible without the human immunodeficiency virus which is the driving force behind scientists collaborating worldwide in ending and preventing this pandemic. Etiology “The primary etiologic agent of…

into the host’s genome. Then the host’s transcription and translation machinery produce the proteins for the virus to replicate. HIV and some forms of cancer are examples of retroviruses. Ways to stop retroviruses is to inhibit the enzyme reverse transcriptase with gene therapy. HIV can be treated with antiretroviral therapy, ART, that will reduce the number of new HIV viruses and allow for the number of CD4 to decrease slowly instead of rapidly without treatment. However, not all retroviruses…

Reverse transcription of miRNA was performed with the miScript reverse transcription kit (Applied Biosystem). miR-499 was quantitated by using TaqMan miRNA quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay according to the protocol of the manufacturer (Applied…

According to the seventh edition pathophysiology text, "Pathophysiology is one of the most important bridging sciences between preclinical and clinical courses for students in the health sciences and it requires in-depth study at an early stage in the curriculum.” (McCance and Huether 2014) To understand pathophysiology is crucial in medicine and for those entering health science related careers. As McCance and Huether explain, Pathophysiology opens many doors for numerous people, illnesses, and…

Arteries Arteries carry blood at high pressure (80 - 120 mm Hg) They have a narrower lumen (to maintain high pressure) surround by a thick wall made of two layers The middle layer (tunica media) contains muscle and elastin to help maintain pulse flow (it can contract and stretch) The outer layer (tunica adventitia) contains collagen prevents the artery rupturing due to the high pressure blood flow Veins Veins carry blood under low pressure (<10 mm Hg) They have a very wide lumen (keeps…