Reverse transcriptase

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It is used for the treatment of HIV type 1. Efavirenz was approved by the Food Drug and Administration on 21 September 1998. Efavirenz inhibits the activity of reverse transcriptase enzyme, which copies HIV…

to allow the viral envelope to fuse with the cell membrane and release the capsid into the cell[12]. Reverse Transcription - After entry into the cell, the virus is uncoated releasing viral RNA and reverse transcriptase into the cell cytoplasm. Reverse transcriptase acts on this RNA and generates double stranded DNA, this viral DNA is then packaged with other viral proteins (reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease and viral protein r) to form a pre-integration complex (PIC)[12]. Integration -…

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Ayden M. Edgar Mackintosh Academy Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a dangerous virus that creates an inefficiency in your immune system. This is bad because then it makes it super easy for the body to get infected because of the lack of helper CD4 T-cells. HIV is the cause of many death in the world and there is still no cure. Without our Immune cells our daily functions, like getting a paper cut could grow an infection and then result…

According to a mathematical model, the drug is estimated to provide a 99% risk reduction in the contraction of HIV in high-risk individuals if taken 4 times a day . Both medications act as nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors. They compete with the reverse transcriptase enzyme needed by the HIV virus to replicate, reducing the probability of an individual becoming HIV positive. Despite the estimated capacity of Truvada, the stigma surrounding HIV means many choose not to seek…

HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus, a serious virus that spreads through the body and attacks the immune system. The virus specifically attacks the T cells (CD4 cells) of the body. This making it so the immune system is no longer able to fight off infections and diseases as the amount of T cells decreases to an amount below the average 700 to 1500 cells/mm. (Center for Disease Control, 2015, para. 1) Once the body loses so many T cells and damages the immune system so much, the HIV…

In recent years the field of virology has seen substantial growth as virus have now become a more widely researched subject. It was not too long ago relatively speaking that viruses were more or less an unknown entity, as many facts about viruses were unknown to the days researchers. Now however much more is known about what viruses are and how they work; more importantly it is known that viral agents are one of the leading causes of disease. Once it was established that they did in fact…

The human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a virus that unlike many other viruses the body can not fight it off, once contaminated with the virus the person must live with the human immunodeficiency virus for the rest of their life. What HIV does is it kills off CD4 Cells or T Cells which are white blood cells that the immune system develops in order to helps the body fight off diseases, infections and other viruses. If the HIV virus is not treated, with time the virus kills so many T Cells…

State of the Problem In its variety of forms, cancer is estimated to affect more than 14 million people per year, and is the cause the death of more than 8 million (National Cancer Institute). Despite millions of dollars of research in the field, and a concentrated effort by researchers around the globe, a panacea for cancer doesn’t exist, although much headway has been made in earlier detection and better treatment methods. Much of the difficulty in treating the disease lies in its diversity;…

RNA was used as the template for reverse transcriptase, which would give rise to the cDNA that would later be used as the template for PCR. However, some tubes like the –RT and –RNA, which served to be our negative controls, do not contain RT or RNA, respectively. Random Primers attach to the RNA…

cells which changes gp120 allowing it to be a co-receptor thus allowing it to bind to CCR5 or CXCR4. After this binding, the gp41 conformation is changed which reduces the T cell membrane allowing the virus to fuse to the cell. The virus’ reverse transcriptase process begins after moving into the core of the cell to make a dna copy from the rna copy and that then moves into the nucleus of the cell and ultimately fuses to the membrane of the host's…