Reverse osmosis

Affirmative Action Affirmative action has been at the center of many debates for roughly the past fifty years. “Affirmative action is defined as an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women” (Merriam-Webster). Affirmative action was originally created to ensure that hiring and employment practices are free of racial bias. In 1961, President Kennedy became the first to use the term "affirmative action" in Executive Order 10925 to…

level the playing field, and make up for past unfairness, but are not supposed to create preferential treatment of one group over another. “Affirmative action goes beyond not discriminating among employees… employers take proactive steps to help reverse the impact of discrimination against…

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 HISTORY 2 LEGAL CHALLENGES TO AFFIRMATIVE POLICY: 3 NEED ASSESSMENT: 3 QUALITY CONCERN: 4 Affirmative action In India: Constitutional Reference 4 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN PRIVATE SECTOR: 5 CONCLUSION 5 CASE REFERENCE: 7 INTRODUCTION Affirmative action” means positive steps taken to increase the participation and representation of women and deprived section in employment, education and culture from which they have been deprived due to historical reasons. Such…

Many universities in the United States have adopted affirmative action policies in efforts to correct discrimination. Some of these policies are racially based and intended to give support to disadvantaged, historically-discriminated minorities. Although it may help a few, race based affirmative action in universities should be abolished because it is discriminatory and creates division, may actually be helpful affected minority students, and masks the real problem. Race based affirmative…

Before talking about affirmative action, What is affirmative action? Affirmative action is a term referring to various governments to increase the education with different races; which is saying it is trying to have other races to get into universities. Affirmative action began because of John F. Kennedy, he started affirmative action to make sure that “applicants are employed” and so the employees at the time aren't treated differently because of color or race. Which is called “Executive Order…

Bakke case, upholds the principle of affirmative action but rejects fixed racial quotas as unconstitutional. The case involves Alan Bakke, who was denied a slot at the University of California medical school at Davis. Bakke claims he is victim of reverse discrimination because a minority student, with lower test scores, was admitted instead on affirmative action grounds (Civil Rights 101). The people who were against the civil rights movement, who wanted Whites to be the master race, had their…

To fully understand the problems revolving around race-based admission programs in various universities, one must first understand how this issue first developed, as well as what affirmative action is. Affirmative action is a policy also known as positive discrimination, in other words, it strives to favor people who are a minority, such as, people of color. This is an important issue as it affects legislators, colleges, but most importantly future college students. For this issue, there are…

On October 12, 1977, a thirty-five-year-old white male by the name of Allan Bakke took the University of California Davis Medical School to the California Supreme Court for rejecting his admission into the school “because of his race”; he believed his rights had been violated under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The University of California Davis Medical School reserved sixteen spots for minorities…

Affirmative action policies have been the topic of debate amongst universities for quite some time now. Many question whether or not using race as a factor in the admissions process is legitimate, and some people like Ronald Dworkin attempt to back up the claim that it is. Throughout this paper, I will analyze Dworkin’s argument by first stating it, then evaluating it, and finally responding to it. Ultimately, I will show that Dworkin may be right, but I still believe using race as a factor does…

A majority of the discussion surrounding the Fisher III decision is focused upon what implications it has on affirmative action jurisprudence. Opponents of race-conscious admissions programs argue that Fisher III effectively raises the standard and makes strict scrutiny truly strict. Proponents, on the other hand, argue that the Court’s decision in Fisher III did not have a tangible effect on the court’s analysis of racial considerations by University admission officers. Derek W. Black, in his…