Rett syndrome

Summary Ajit Narayanan describes his work surrounding children with autism. With regard to language, the main issue that children on the spectrum experience is difficulty with abstraction and symbolism. After all, language is an arbitrary representation of reality. Therefore, pictures rather than words have been shown to aid these children with comprehension. In particular, Narayanan (2014) developed a program called Avaz, which essentially converts sequenced pictures into spoken sentences.…

“My child was fine last week, last month – and now I have lost her. This is not my child; what has happened? What do I do? (Sudden & Severe Onset)” For every parent with a child that has an illness, this seems to be a recurring story. Many parents and specialists are desperate for an explanation that makes sense as to why this a child may be fine one day and a completely different child the next, and unfortunately do not find answers. Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated…

Nasal resonance and airflow can also be impacted by cleft lip and/or palate. The abnormal nasal resonance and airflow cause hypernasal and hyponasal speech. Hypernasal speech occurs when there is too much airflow coming through the nasal cavity making sounds more breathy. Hyponasal speech occurs when too little airflow comes through the nasal cavity making the sounds sound as if the child has a plugged nose (Nagarajan, Savitha, & Subramaniyan, 2009). Velopharyngeal dysfunction is the…

I have researched Scoliosis for this Skeletal System Case Study. Where a healthy spine appears straight from behind, a spine that has developed Scoliosis will curve to the side. In this study I explored the causes, types, treatments and the use of massage therapy to help ease the affects Scoliosis has on the body. Scoliosis occurs when the spine develops an abnormal lateral curve during growth. Doctors use an S or C to describe the curve of the spine. Scoliosis can be Congenital, which means…

Tourette’s Syndrome Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder defined by sudden, repetitive, involuntary movements or vocalizations called tics. The worst symptoms are first noticed in childhood before the age of 18 years with improvement into late teens and adulthood. Males are affected three to four times more often than females. Approximately 200,000 individuals have a severe form of TS. Tic disorders can occur in all ethnic and cultural groups and tend to be genetic. Evidence…

B R I E F H I S T O R Y O F A U T I S M The term autism was first used by a psychiatrist, Dr. Eugen Bleuler, in 1908 to describe patients with schizophrenia who withdrew themselves from reality. Originated from the Greek word, “autós” and autism was used by Bleuler to define these individuals with abnormal self admiration and severe withdrawal from others. Decades later, Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner pioneered into the research of autism. In 1943, child psychiatrist Leo Kanner…

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) is characterised by impairments in communication and socialisation, alongside repetitive and stereotyped behaviours (Association Psychiatric Association, 2013). Differences in risk of ASC are associated with socioeconomic disparities, whereby ASC tends to be overrepresented in high socioeconomic status (SES) families. Early clinical (Cox et al., 1975; Finnegan et al., 1979; Hoshino et al., 1982; McCarthy et al., 1979) and population-based studies (Bhasin &…

Autism and autism spectrum disease (ASD) are complex childhood developmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, which is a very devastating disease that affects the entire family. There are huge public and political attention turned to the topic that the MMR vaccine has possible association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ASD and autism. Previously, there was suggestion that if measles, mumps and rubella vaccines given separately, it could be beneficial and will…

What is autism? Autism is brain development disorder, when a child’s enhancement of cognitive ability ceases to progress into adulthood. Hans Asperger, who is one of the most known psychologists, concluded and mentioned that children who are struggling with autism have no problem in conversation, but they act as babies. His studies, however, did not clearly explain about autism. In 1970, Erica Foundation clearly explained about autism, therefore people could exactly know what autism is. People…

Most children develop speech and language without effort, although there is considerable variation in the rate at which children acquire language with approximately 7% of children demonstrating impairments in these skills. Understanding the influences on children’s language development in the general population may indicate potential avenues for the causes of these impairments which may lead to the development of new intervention methods. Those influences could be either internal to the child or…