Retina

life-changing, such as: detached retina. The ineffective collagen causes the eye to expand or lengthen, which can cause the retina to detach. glaucoma. Lack of effective collagen can cause pressure in the eye to increase, which causes impairment of vision. keratoconus. The cornea can curve abnormally, which causes distortion of images. macular degeneration. Retinal blood vessels can leak or break and cause wet macular degeneration. or the retina can deteriorate or wear out and…

Double RPE tears developed after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents in 10 out of 11 eyes, and spontaneously (first tear developing without any previous treatment) in 1 eye. BCVA and CMT did not show significant change after the occurrence of RPE tears. In most cases, tears graded according to Sarraf et al. (12) remained stable over time. Gutfleish et al. (13) studied 37 RPE tears and found that BCVA deteriorated after RPE tear and during follow-up significantly, with 53.2% of eyes…

I have been mesmerised by the level of depth and complexity involved in the human eye. Being able to examine the retina alone can lead to the diagnosis of many life-changing illnesses from diabetes to glaucoma. This has left me fascinated as optometrists can come about crucial discoveries by just looking into the eyes, and therefore the work of an optometrist is somewhat similar to a detective’s investigation. Additionally the work of optometrists has resulted in shaping the lives of numerous…

How Does Ocular Dominance Affect the Way We See Things? Eyes are what allow our brains to process information, whether it’s to see color or to give the ability to read. They are organs that even allow us to evaluate our health, and can be used to express emotion. Everyone has them and each one is different, but they share a common purpose, and it’s important to know how they work. Light passes through the cornea of the eye, which has the job of protecting the eye and refracting the light so…

Refraction In physics, "refraction" is the mechanism that bends the path of light through the eye. Refractive error is an optical abnormality in which the shape of the eye fails to bring light into sharp focus on the retina, resulting in blurred or distorted vision. Examples of refractive error are myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. In optometry, a "refraction" procedure is the measurement of refractive error by an eye care professional, usually for the purpose of correcting…

Know Your Body - Eyes Introduction The eyeball lies in the cavity of the orbit. The eye is acted upon by muscles, blood vessels and nerves. The structure of the eye ball has been depicted in the following diagram. Fig: Structure of human eye What is making up of the eye? Conjunctiva: It is a mucous membrane which covers the under surface of the eye lids and is reflected form the eyelids to cover the anterior part of the eyeball up to the margin of the cornea. The three layers (see the diagram…

Bipolar cells are retinal interneurons that have two protrusions, one that goes up and one that goes down. This structure layout is an indicator of the cells function, they link the inner and outer retina. The bipolar cells contact photoreceptors and transmit the signals to the inner plexiform layer of the retina. The inner plexiform layer is where the axon terminals of different bipolar cells arrange into one specific inner plexiform layer and give synaptic signals to amacrine and retinal…

able to calculate the best angle to achieve this goal. My retina processes light-energy into rods and cones. These rods and cones process color and detail that allow me to identify objects. Parallel processing further expands on this identification. The brain divides visuals into four subdimensions: color, movement, form, and depth and works of each simultaneously into order to form a picture. My brain uses the information projected by the retina, compares it to information that has already been…

1.1 anatomy of the cornea 1.1.1 Anatomy of the Cornea The cornea is important visual part of the eye, it’s a thin dome-shaped oval from the front and circular from behind and covers the front part of the eye which include iris, pupil and anterior chamber. It forms anterior 1\6 of the outer coat of the globe.[1] The sclera and the conjunctiva overlap the cornea more vertically than horizontally. Together with the lens, the cornea refract light, and it is approximately 43 diopters of the total…

Results Clinical and imaging findings Proband case (case III:3) We examined a 6-year-old male and his affected brother, sister, mother and maternal grandmother, and his unaffected father (Figure 1 - Pedigree). This patient was referred to our institution for further evaluation of blurred optic disc margins bilaterally noted on a routine eye exam. Of note, he had a past medical history relevant for abdominal migraines and a 9 millimeter in diameter complex pineal cystic gland, incidentally…