Restriction enzyme

An enzyme is a biological catalyst; they accelerate most reactions within cells (Cooper, 2000). Enzymes have three constitutional characteristics: they assist chemical reactions without becoming exhausted or altered themselves, they do not change the balance between the reactants and products and they are highly specific as to what reactions they are able to catalyse (Cooper, 2000). The active sites of enzymes are where chemical reactions occur. The active sites are dimples or grooves in the…

Experimental Method: Extracting LDH. The LDH used was extracted from bovine skeletal muscle tissue. In the cold room, a mass of 20 grams of muscle tissue was obtained. It was placed in a blender along with ice cold buffer, 50 mM sodium phosphate and 10 mM EDTA at pH 7.5. The mixture was then blended and homogenized in order to break open the cells; during this time the temperature was checked periodically to make sure it stays below 20 C. This was done until the solution was homogeneous. The…

The experiment that the Scientists, listed above, will be performing is about the curdling of milk and how it is affected by pineapple juice, and pineapple enzymes. The Scientists’ problem is whether or not pineapple juice will affect the coagulation (or curdling) of milk. The independent variable in the experiment will be what is added to regular milk (nothing, pineapple juice, or bromelain), the dependent variable will be the speed of the milk curdling. The constant of their experiment will be…

The second test tube 11 was identified as a gram negative bacteria. The biochemical tests that I performed that were positive were catalase, glucose, SIM, indole, citrate, and urea. First, the catalase test has the presence of an enzyme in the test isolated detected using hydrogen peroxide. Bacteria possess catalase with a small number of bacteria; isolation is added to hydrogen peroxide when bubbles occur. When the bubbles occurred on gram positive bacterium it was a conformation of being…

Enzymes are found in all living organisms. They are present to speed up or accelerate a chemical reaction; referred to as a catalyst in a chemical reaction. They are essential to obtain rates to sustain life as without enzymes rates would be too slow to provide for life. Molecules at the start of the process are called substrates, the enzyme will then convert these into changed molecules which are called products, after this process the enzymes maintains the same shape. (Berg et al. 2002).…

Introduction/Hypothesis Enzymes are catalysts used to speed up reactions and reduce activation energy. These enzymes are important to many bodily functions. Catalase is one of the enzymes essential to cellular health within the body. It is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide which, if it builds up, is extremely toxic to cells. One question that scientists have asked and a question that we explore in this lab is what are the optimal conditions for this reaction to occur? This lab…

i. Enzymes are macromolecules that increase chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy (the amount of energy that reactants need to absorb in order for a chemical reaction to take place). Every enzyme has a substrate with a unique shape and structure for it to bind to. Denaturation of proteins (when a protein unravels and becomes inactive), and change in the shape of the enzyme or substrate all influence the activity and…

each time mark, which led to varied enzymatic activity and inconclusive or atypical results. Slight water residue was observed in the test tubes prior to use in the experiment, and may have contributed to the overall lack of enzyme activity (i.e. water may have diluted the enzymes). The iodine solution added to the spot plates just before the amylase-starch solution was added may have also contributed to the inconclusive results as it may have oxidized too quickly and the bond it should have…

Rate of Reaction for Enzyme Peroxidase When analyzing living organisms, it is merely impossible to overlook the role that metabolism plays. Metabolism, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in a living organisms cells. When referring to metabolism, one must also note that metabolism contains two distinct metabolic pathways, catabolic and anabolic. Catabolic pathways involve the process of breaking down molecules in order to obtain the energy needed by living organisms. Meanwhile,…

catalyzed by enzymes. Without enzymes, most reactions necessary for the maintenance of life would occur so slow that they would not occur at all under the regular temperature and pressure conditions (Cooper). Enzymes act as catalysts that accelerate the rates of reactions by lowering the energy of activation. In an enzymatic reaction, the substrate (which is the reactant that an enzyme acts on) binds to the active site (which is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds to) of the…