Restriction enzyme

Peroxisomes execute various metabolic functions and create hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct from the process of oxidation. However, since the hydrogen peroxide created by the peroxisome is toxic, the organelle also produces an enzyme called “catalase”. The catalase enzyme breaks down the hydrogen peroxide and converts it into water (Alberts, 2002). For an example, peroxisomes in the liver detoxify alcohol by converting the toxin’s hydrogen into oxygen. Peroxisomes also accomplish metabolic…

Hemoglobin has a peroxidase-like activity, meaning that it will break down hydrogen peroxide, or other organic hydroperoxides. This makes it useful in forensics, since you can test for the presence of hemoglobin simply by dropping hydrogen peroxide on it. Of course, there are a lot of things that have peroxidases in them, so this is a presumptive test for the presence of blood. Blood cells are not immortal; each cell wears out in about four months, and will disintegrate in the blood stream,…

special proteins called enzymes. Enzymes are long chains of amino acids that have taken a very specific three-dimensional shape called a globular shape. This specific shape contains an area that is designed to match a specific molecule. The substance that an enzyme operates on is known as its substrate. Almost all metabolic reactions in organisms are catalyzed by enzymes. Many of these reactions occur in specific sequences and are called metabolic or biochemical pathways. Enzymes can be…

Enzymes Two major factors influence how effective an enzyme is by promoting the rate of reaction. Each enzyme has a specific temperature that allows it to perform the most work. If an enzyme is placed in an environment under its optimal functioning temperature, the speed of the reaction will slow. Reason being, the molecules of the reactants reduce in energy from the low temperature, less movement means less reactions with the enzymes. At higher temperatures, molecules within an enzyme increase…

Dissolution test will be carried out in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) using hydrochloride acid or a neutral buffer phosphate solution. The simulated gastric fluid without enzyme (SGF) at pH 1.2 and pH 3 containing sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid in 900ml deionized water will be prepared. Thus, the pH will be adjusted using hydrochloride(Ghazal et al., 2015). The simulated gastric media containing milk (whole milk, skimmed milk) will be prepared using an equal volume of milk and (SGF) pH…

Reviewing my data table and graph results it is clear to see that as the substrate concentration increases so does the rate of reaction. The catalysing of enzymes involves molecular movement of the substrate and enzymes in an aqueous solution. Therefore the substrate and enzymes are moving randomly within the solution (Brownian motion). By increasing the concentration of the substrate particles the rate of reaction is increased as the substrate is much more likely to find an active site. This…

Before beginning he experiment the physical appearance of all the chemicals being used needs to be written down. To begin the experiment 3 test tubes must be acquired; a boiling tube, large test tube and a small test tube. The large test tube must be completely dried with a paper towel and labeled R for Reactants. After that is done a piece of weighing paper should be placed on a balance and tared. After make sure the balance is correctly tared, a spatula must be used to collect 2 grams of…

Triiodothyronine, with a chemical name of 3,3',5-Triiodothyronine (T3), is one of four thyroid hormones that exhibit biological activity, and contains 3 iodines and 2 tyrosine’s, as seen in Fig. 1. 20 % of T3 is formed from the amino acid tyrosine within specific follicle cells of the thyroid gland by the oxidative condensation of its biological precursors, monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine, and is then subsequently secreted into the bloodstream. The remaining 80% is produced from the…

The article, Aging Aquifers by Valerie King states the importance of dating groundwater. King begins by stating dating aquifers can predict 50 years down the road. It is important to date groundwater to know the accessibility of water for future use. Dennehy states, “In very old groundwater, when you’re extracting water you should realize that water took a long time to get into that location, so it would take a long time to replace that water” (King 11). Dating aquifers is done by testing the…

The exocrine function is the releasing of enzymes by the pancreas into the duodenum, the first 25cm of the small intestine, joining with the bile that is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice and sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3. Pancreatic juice contains three hydrolytic enzymes: Pancreatic amylase, which breaks down carbohydrates into disaccharides, Trypsin, which breaks down proteins…