Restriction enzyme

As a result, lactose is a competitive inhibitor. In the presence of the inhibitor, the slope of the Lineweaver-Burk plot becomes the equation below. Using equation 7 along with the Km and the Vmax from series A, the Ki of Series B and C were calculated. The concentration of inhibitor for 50mM lactose was found to be 35714 μM using equation 1. Similar to the substrate concentration, the inhibitor concentration can be found using the same equation, but substituting in the inhibitor molar…

Francisella tularensis is a bacterium that has been recognized to be an agent responsible for the disease known as tularemia. This disease, in essence, sends the immune system of the organism into a hyperactive state, sometimes referred to as hypercytokinemia due to the elevated levels of various cytokines, which if not treated properly could lead to extremely high fevers, inflammation of various tissues, and (if contracted through aerosol form) the death of the infected organism. Specifically,…

In this experiment, 25 g of solid sodium acetate trihydrate was added into a large beaker. The solid was then heat for 5 minutes, where liquid formed. 6.3 mL of water and a pinch of red dye was poured into the beaker while heated for 2 additional minutes. The solution was then cooled in an ice bath for 30 minutes. The solid-liquid product was then finally poured on a pinch of sodium acetate trihydrate crystal seeds to form ethanoic anhydride. This experiment was ultimately conducted in order to…

Queso Fresco Lab Report 1) The first step to making Queso Fresco is to mix 2 cups of cultured buttermilk with 4 cups pasteurized whole milk. Next, heat the milk to 90°F and prepare the Junket Rennet while the milk is heating. To prepare the Junket Rennet place 1 tablet into ½ cup cold tap water until dissolved. Once the milk is 90ºF, add the dissolved Junket Rennet mixture. Mix the milk and Rennet together for about 10-20 seconds and then take the mixture off of the heat. The next step is to…

it will result in faster rates of enzyme activity. Therefore, if the opposite were to occur, then the reaction will slow down and not function properly. For concentration, my hypothesis was proved to be correct. The undiluted solution had higher frequencies of collision at the active site of the enzyme and substrate. Which means the percent of amylose as well as absorbance level was higher compared to the diluted samples. The result on the effect of pH on enzyme activity prove my hypothesis to…

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron It is a common belief that all bacteria is harmful and bad for humans. This thought could not be further from the truth. Without many different types of bacteria, humans would not be able to live. There are millions of different types of bacteria found in and on the human body that are imperative to life. One of such organisms is Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. thetaiotaomicron) is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe that is found in…

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a strong acid for a weak acid or a strong base for a weak base. According to Aoi and Marunaka (2014), regulation of body fluid pH is one of the most important physiological functions of homeostasis, because activity of most chemical reactions via enzyme proteins is dependent on fluid pH. After the homeostasis has maintain, the lungs and the kidneys have to work together to keep the blood system in the normal range to help maintain the blood by affecting the components of the ammonia. The…

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of different types of enzymes on different substrates, and how pH influences the ability of enzymes to breakdown proteins. Starch and albumin were used as the substrate to test the enzymes amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and unknown enzyme T. Lugol’s solution was used to test for the presence of undigested starch, while Biuret solution and Ninhydrin solution were used to test for the presence of undigested protein and amino acids respectively.…

In order to obtain energy through food, organisms perform the process of cellular respiration in which they break down a molecule of sugar and use it to produce many molecules of ATP, which is the chemical energy nearly all organisms use. However, this process is aerobic, meaning it only occurs in the presence of oxygen. When an organism needs to produce ATP without oxygen, such as during intense periods of exercise, it uses fermentation to convert food into energy. In fermentation, the molecule…