Respiratory tract

protective immunity to the host, therefore it does not have memory. The innate immune system utilizes protective barriers which act as the first line of defense against infection. Those protective barriers include the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory airways and lungs, nasopharynx, and the eyes. The skin does not provide a suitable environment for bacterial growth due to the presence of oil glands in the dermis layer, lack of blood vessels, and the inability to retain moisture (Mayer,…

this type of floor are respiratory compromised, on the ventilator and receiving diuretics. In addition, a large number of patients experience delirium making it impossible to get them out bed to a bedside commode. These are a few reasons why an indwelling Foley catheter is essential to have. However, when a patient’s health status has improved, there are still a high number of catheters remaining indwelling leading to a higher instance of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI).…

The structure of an enzyme is important because if the structure of the protein is denatured, the protein can not function properly either. Being denatured can be caused by many things but changing the pH or temperature are the main ways to make a protein not to function properly. Any little change in the sequence from protein folding can cause dramatic consequences that might lead to disease or sickness. Cystic Fibrosis is a common disease that affects the whole body, the main and most…

An unrecognised virus called coronavirus is the reason for severe acute respiratory syndrome. There are numerous sorts of coronavirus, some of which cause the common flu. The SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was another variation that may have been transmitted to people from animals. Although SARS has the same symptoms as the flu (fever ,dry coughs ,and having difficulties in breathing) it leads to other major effects such as lung failure , pneumonia, and damaging immune cells. SARS CoV harms the…

known to cause respiratory diseases like whooping cough, pneumonia, and sinusitis. 2. There are eight species of Bordetella that cause different diseases including Bordetella parapertussis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella avium, Bordetella hinzii, Bordetella holmessi, Bordetella trematum, Bordetella pertussis, and Bordetella petri. a. Bordetella parapertussis causes whooping cough and chronic pneumonia in humans as well as sheep. b. Bordetella bronchiseptica causes many respiratory…

through the cell basement membrane allowing other nutrients to be supplied (oxygen and glucose), compared to ciliated columnar the shape is fairly wide and rectangular therefore the function is to move mucus through the cilia that is present in the respiratory…

Guillain-Barré syndrome is seen at much lower rates after vaccination; however in the United Kingdom, seasonal flu vaccines are the norm, coinciding with peak flu season, and higher rates of Guillain-Barré are seen. Patients who had previous respiratory tract infections or exposure to the influenza virus had higher rates of Guillain-Barré syndrome in both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. Overall, the recent vaccines have proven much safer than the 1976 H1N1 vaccine, with no statistically…

London and Kathmandu are two contrasting cities, with more than 4,500 miles between them and due to the many different circumstances in each city they both have contrasting healthcare systems. London is the capital city of United Kingdom, a more economically developed country situated within the western hemisphere of the world whereas Kathmandu is a capital city of Nepal, a less economically developed country in the eastern hemisphere of the world. Due to their obvious differences Kathmandu and…

bulk of the stool and makes it softer, thereby decreasing the painful symptoms of hemorrhoids. • Cancer: Diet rich in insoluble fiber enhances the movement of food in the digestive tract thereby reducing the buildup of harmful substances in the colon. The faster the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract, the less time for carcinogenic substances to take effect. Fiber is also thought to help prevent breast cancer because it reduces the absorption of fat in the digestive system. A…

benefits . The play an important role in maintaining healthy digestive tract in humans as inside our body they compete for nutrients from the food. In the process of doing this they clinge themselves to our digestive tract’s wall…