Renin-angiotensin system

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors lower blood pressure and produce vasodilation by inhibiting ACE – blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, key mediators of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). RAAS is the main mechanism for controlling BP. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and works by binding to angiotensin I receptors on smooth muscle – these are joined to a Gq protein and the IP3 signal transduction pathway. ACE usually breaks down bradykinin.…

Five hormones regulate tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Angiotensin II has three main methods affecting on renal physiology. First, it decreases GFR by causing vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. Second, it enhances reabsorption of Na+, CL-, and water in the proximal convoluted tubule by stimulating the activity of Na+/H+ antiporters. Last, it stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, a hormone that in turn stimulates principal cells in the collecting ducts to…

The force in the arteries when blood pumped by the heart hits the walls of arteries is known as blood pressure . When the heart contracts,the highest pressure in the arteries is known as the systolic pressure . Whereas , the lowest pressure in the arteries in between two heart beats is referred to as diastolic pressure . A normal individual would have a blood pressure of below 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure or otherwise known as hypertension is a condition when the force in the arteries are…

Ciftci R, Sen F. Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers May Prolong Survival of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Erlotinib. Medicine. 2015;94(22):e887. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000887. 2. Dézsi C. A review of clinical studies on angiotensin II receptor blockers and risk of cancer. International Journal of Cardiology. 2014;177(3):748-753. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.031. 3. Waeber B, Wuerzner G, Burnier M. Critical review of cancer risk associated with angiotensin receptor…

The purpose of this paper is to summarize, assess, and synthesize eleven chapters across two primary texts listed as the required reading for the second week of POS 543. First, I’ll identify some of the central themes discussed across the readings. Second, I will assess the strengths and weaknesses of the various contributions to the literature on organizational theory relative to the major schools of thought. The required reading for week two offered a glimpse of the classic theories…

They explain how the activity system define a group of people who share a common goal or motive. I completely agree on how an activity system allow certain communities are structurally connected. This is a great way to help you understand community relationships. Activity system is a good system because it “sees all aspects of activity as shaped over time by people’s social interactions with each other and the tools they use” (1). Everyone is in an activity system even if you don’t realize it.…

How Shake Shingle Metal Roofing Compares To Wood Shakes If you love the look of a wood shake roof but hate the thought of all the maintenance a wood roof needs, then you should consider getting a shake shingle metal roof instead. You'll have the look you like, but none of the upkeep required for real wood. Here's how the two types of roofing compare. Appearance You may imagine metal roofing to be in long sheets like you see on barns, but it actually comes in different forms. The metal can be…

Fundamentals of a Roof Warranty Learn the basics of roof warranties and what homeowners should know before they buy. Roofing contractors and roofing material manufacturers both offer a variety of warranties designed to protect their customers from incurring excessive costs in the event of roof damage. However, it is essential for homeowners to understand a few basics about warranties, including what they are and are not, why reading the fine print is important, and how a warranty can benefit…

____ 79. The fight-or-flight response A) is the body’s immediate response to a real or perceived threat to survival. B) elevates heart and respiration rates and blood glucose level. C) decreases urinary and digestive functions. D) activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. E) All of these are correct. ____ 80. The resistance stage of the stress response A) precedes the fight-or-flight response. B) is mediated primarily by CRH, GHRH, and TRH. C) is briefer than the fight-or-flight…

identification of a boundary-maintaining entity or process” (p.7). A number of systems were noted and intertwined within the movie. Within each system, a different side of the individual was portrayed. Systems theory “describes human behavior in terms of complex systems. It is premised on the idea that an effective system is based on individual needs, rewards, expectations, and attributes of the people living in the system. According to this theory, families, couples, and organization members…