Renal physiology

Spoke with a 63 year old female who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and has currently been on dialysis for the past two years. However, ESRD is not a diagnosis but a name of a Medicare program (Porth & Matfin, 2009) The definition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for a patient is irreversible kidney damage and/or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m^2 for a minimal three months (Porth & Matfin, 2009). Those patient with kidney failure has either GFR less than 15…

ESRD (end stage renal disease) is also one of the early diagnosis linked with ADPKD. PKD1 is more a severe disease than PKD2 gene, but PKD2 is more severe in men than in women. Having a mutation in both PKD1 and PKD2 does not mean it is lethal. In a journal it states a…

damage. Also of significance are three contributors to the concept of chronic kidney failure: obesity, anemia, hypertension. GENITOURINARY EXCRETION Chronic kidney disease shares similar qualities with acute renal failure due to the nature of the physiological factors at work, however acute renal failure typically presents itself with sudden onset and is reversible, whereas chronic kidney failure is an insidious and permanent disease that manifests over time (Chronic Kidney Disease, 2016). The…

appetite, vomiting, constipation, lethargy, excessive thirst, and urination. Signs that a kitten, or cat is affected can include enlarged kidney, and fever. Severe cases in kittens may result in death from renal failure by the age of 8 weeks, or it could result in stillbirths. However, commonly renal failure does not appear until around 7 years of age in most cats affected by PKD. How is it diagnosed and how is it treated? Genetic tests are available to identify polycystic kidney disease in…

problems persist for more than two weeks, cause real suffering, and interfere with the business and pleasure of daily life you may have clinical depression” (Pinsky, n.d.). “Depression is the most common psychiatric illness in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The reported prevalence of depression in dialysis population varied from 22.8% (interview-based diagnosis) to 39.3% (self- or clinician-administered rating scales)”…

Renal denervation involves application of radiofrequency waves to ablate renal nerves in order to reduce RSNA1*. The catheter is taken to the kidney via the femoral artery. There have been many different techniques and methods of ablating renal sympathetic nerves, with the simplicity trial proving to be the most effective and efficient4. During the symplicity HTN-1 trails, 153 patients over 19 different site around the world received renal sympathetic using the symplicity catheter2. The…

Risk factors for nephrotoxicity: comorbidities, volume depletion, liver dysfunction, sepsis, renal dysfunction, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and advanced age ii. Prevention: prevent the accumulation of aminoglycosides in the kidney, lower dosage, and alternative medication b. Amphotericin B – antifungal i. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity: therapy…

– Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as the preferred nomenclature for the clinical disorder formerly called Acute Renal Failure(ARF).This transition in terminology was meant to emphasize that the spectrum of the disease is much broader than a subset of patients who experience failure and require dialysis support .This nomenclature explains that renal failure occur as a continuum 1. AKIN recently defined AKI as “ functional or structural abnormalities or markers of kidney damage…

Hypovolemia is a state in which the blood volume, specifically the volume of the blood plasma, is decreased. This can also lead to an imbalance in the volume contraction, or a decrease in the volume of body fluid, which includes osmolytes. Hypervolemia is often linked with sodium depletion, and is distinctly different from dehydration. Causes include loss of blood, loss of plasma, and loss of osmolytes via diarrhea and vomiting. It is recognized by tachycardia and diminished blood pressure, as…

Raynaud Syndrome: What do you need to Know About it? Raynaud syndrome or Raynaud's (Ray-Nodes) ... What is it? Many of you don't have any knowledge about it, not even the basic parts and parcels. Actually, Raynaud syndrome is a terminology, which is related to the vessels. What is Raynaud Syndrome? Raynaud syndrome is a medical disorder that is associated with the improper blood flow. In such condition, an individual's fingers turn white because the blood flow has been ceased or strikingly…