Renal physiology

1.Introduction COPD is the common chronic disease with the high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that COPD will become the third leading cause of death in 2020.1 The most noticeable symptoms of this disease are productive cough, shortness of breath and limited exercise capacity. While the main obvious pathophysiological hallmark of COPD is Expiratory Flow limitation which causes acute dynamic lung hyperinflation, dyspnea is increasingly implicated as the primary symptom causes…

Research Prospectus: How Do We Get Women into Weight Training? The obesity rate of America have grown over the last couple years. Many people have secondary lifestyle which lead to little to no exercise. The health issues have risen and we should pay more close attention to our bodies. Today, when we look at women and weight training, only 20% of American women get the recommended two strength sessions per week. Why is this? Why do women stay out of the weight room? Does weight training benefit…

Physiological Effects of Decreased Atmospheric Pressure At lower altitudes such as sea level, the main stimulation for ventilation is carbon dioxide. (7) At high altitudes, hypoxia stimulates ventilation. (7) However, hypoxia only stimulates ventilation when the partial pressure of inspired oxygen is reduced to roughly 13.3kPa, and is at an altitude of 3000m or more. (7) When the inspired partial pressure of oxygen is 13.3kPa, alveolar oxygen pressure is 8kPa. (7) As hypoxia continues to…

The goal of this experiment was to determine whether is there a significant difference in stomatal densities between young and old leaves or no. The stomatal density of young and old leaves has not significantly different densities. The age of the leaf does not аffect and do not correlate with stomatal density. Because, when the leaf is a baby leaf it makes all the stomata and as leaf growth it just pulls apart from each other. Stomata has an essential rоle in all plаnts. Stomata helps to…

 Micro- The patient’s microbiology test result shows that the blood culture has no growth. Whereas, the respiratory culture was obtained from tracheal aspiration and has positive test results with many WBC’s less than 25 squamous epithelial cells, moderate Gram-negative Rods, many Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moderate Klebsiella pneumonia which was resistant to Ampicillin.  CBG- Capillary blood gas results conclude that the patient has moderate hypoxemia and the acid-base status of this blood…

Aerobics – All you need to know to Get Fit What is Aerobics? Aerobic, more commonly known as cardio, is a form of low to high intensity physical exercise. Aerobic literal meaning is “involving, requiring or relating to free oxygen”. A typical aerobic session increases the heart rate and breathing rate to burn more fats (more on that later). It works on the rule of pumping one’s heart rate up. This oxygenated blood supplied by heart to the working muscles meet energy demands during an exercise…

My Cardio-respiratory goal is... By the next fitness test date I will... Attempt to run more laps in the 12 minute run. I ran thirty-two laps in the first fitness test, but I will work to achieve thirty-five laps by the next fitness test. I hope to approve my cardio-respiratory to increase my heart and my lungs’ ability to supply oxygen and energy to the muscles. I will use the FITT Principle... F- In order to achieve my goal, I will make sure I do at least 3 days a week of cardio-respiratory…

What is meant by “agonist and antagonist muscle pairs”? Give an example What is meant by agonist in muscle pairs is that it does the majority of the workload in an exercise and is considered the prime mover (primarily responsible for movement). The antagonist in respect to the agonist counteracts. The antagonist helps allow the agonist to perform a task. An example could be the biceps brachii contracts when doing elbow flexion. While the antagonist would be the triceps brachii relaxing during…

Adaptation at elevated altitudes in human beings is a process of evolutionary adaptation in populations of Tibet, the Andes and Ethiopia. These people have attained the power of survival at extreme climate conditions (Beall et al., 2002). As life at high altitude is tough, this causes adaptational mechanisms among these inhabitants (Van Patot & Gassmann, 2011). While these severe conditions would have an abysmal negative effect on the health of human beings throughout the planet, the…

The peer involved in the 6-week health program is Ashlee Sargent, aged twenty. An interview was conducted to identify the health behaviour that she wishes to change in the program. From the interview, relevant information was collected. The client is currently working as a receptionist in a physiotherapy clinic. She works on Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays. She has a gym membership and currently exercises for three times a week. She exercises for an hour and mostly runs on a treadmill. The speed…