Renal physiology

cause by water intoxication due to renal water retention leading to hyponatremia, urine that is too concentrated when serum osmolarity is very high. According to Huether & McCance (2012), Sign and symptom of SIADH depends on rate of development and severity of hyponetremia. In mild cases of hyponetremia, may or may not have any symptom. Norman sodium level in the blood is between 136 to 145 mEq/L. When this level drops from 140 to 130 mEq/L. some of the sign and symptoms may occur like…

be present. End stage renal disease (ESRD) involves permanent damage to the kidneys, and dialysis is intended to help the body run as normal as possible without kidney function. If an ESRD patient does not get dialysis treatments regularly, sodium and other waste products would build up in the blood, and they would become fluid overloaded, eventually leading to death of the patient. Common causes of ESRD include diabetes mellitus, severe uncontrolled hypertension,…

Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease happens when the kidneys are damaged over a long period. The kidneys are two organs that perform many important jobs in the body. These jobs include: • Removing wastes and extra fluids from the blood. • Making hormones that help keep the body healthy. • Making sure the body has the right amount of fluids and chemicals. Chronic kidney disease may be caused by many things. The kidney damage occurs slowly. If too much damage occurs, the kidneys…

Case number 7 involves a 69-year-old female patient named Dorthea. Dorthea was healthy and active until roughly five years ago, when she was diagnosed with diabetes. Eighteen months ago, after some reoccurring fainting spells, her doctors found out that she had an intermittent transient heart block. Dorthea reluctantly consented and was given a permanent pacemaker to correct this problem. Three months ago, her kidney function was found to have decreased 10% to what was normal and could have…

Kidney disease is normally caused by the damage to the nephron. This damage can be caused by genetics, injury, drugs, cancer, cysts, stones, and/or infection (National Library of Medicine, 2015). Glomerulonephritis is when the glomeruli are inflamed. The disease can be acute or chronic and it can be a primary or secondary form of glomerulonephritis, depending on how the glomerulonephritis is caused (Mayo Clinic, 2014a). Nephrotic syndrome is when the urine has too much protein in it, causing the…

who suffer from Renal Failure which was up by 57%. There are five stages of Chronic Kidney disease, and each stage has a specific characteristic which is defined by the glomerular filtrations rate. The fifth and final stage is End-Stage Renal Failure which is when the kidney is functioning at a GFR of less than 15%. According to the United States Renal Data System Annual Report more than 615,000 American’s are being treated for kidney failure which is also known as End Stage Renal Disease, more…

The kidneys keep up ordinary homeostasis by separating and discharging metabolic waste items, by directing acid–base offset, and by directing pulse and liquid volume [4]. Abatement in renal capacity is brought about by numerous issues; among these are diabetes mellitus and hypertension. At present, analysis of renal brokenness is in view of such estimations as creatinine, urea, and electrolytes, and additionally on creatinine freedom. These circuitous estimations have low affectability, since a…

glomerular filtrate. Because the afferent arteriole to the glomerulus is much larger than its efferent arteriole, fluid gets slowed down here quite a bit. The fluid that escapes the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole eventually goes to the renal vein. The rest of the glomerular filtrate is absorbed by the glomerular capsule directly adjacent to the…

A Doctor 's Mistake It started off as a normal year, I had just finished my residency and now I could practice medicine on my own without someone looking over my shoulder at all times. Everything was completely normal until she was carted into the ER room with a low heart and respiratory rate. I didn 't know it at the time, but I was about to have the year of my life. I knew she was trouble from the moment I saw her carted through the door; however, she needed my help, and I was bound by law to…

used to from base. * Renal control of Cardiac…