Renal function

occur with both acute and chronic metformin exposure. While MALA is not common, its associated rates of morbidity and mortality can be high. Secondary to MALA, the patient may experience changes in the central nervous system, cardiovascular collapse, renal failure, and death. The primary goals of therapy are restoration of acid-base status and removal of metformin, using hemodialysis and bicarbonate therapy. There is no specific antidote for MALA. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and…

Fetal Pig External Features Structure Location Colour Texture Function Image Anus Just under the tail and after the rectum Same colour as skin (light pink) Valve-like and scrunched up; feels and looks like a sphincter Valve-like muscle at lower end of rectum. The opening through which feces pass out of body Scrotal Sac In males, it is located just under the anus and bulges out from the skin Same colour as skin (light pink) Feels muscular/like skin Contains the testes Urogenital Opening…

Introduction Strattera is the product name for atomoxetine. Physicians prescribe it to both children and adults diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, one of the most common childhood disorders that can continue into adulthood. Those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have trouble paying attention and controlling their behavior. Strattera is in a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). It works by increasing the…

DSA iSAP: Clinical Action Plan Abdominal Angiography: Simulated Case Study of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Clinical Concerns & Imaging Goals A 50-year-old male patient present to Emergency Department with hematochezia. Patient’s CT demonstrated active bleeding in his rectum. Generally, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is caused by multitudes of pathologic processes, it has an intermittent nature and it could be a life-threatening condition for the patient (Cherian et al., 2009). Hence, it is crucial…

Catheterization Appropriate nursing skill and great technology are required to provide a safe and comfortable environment for the patient in the catheterization laboratory. Having a critical care experience, basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) certification, and knowledge of sophisticated equipment such as (IABP) are required for competent care of the patients undergoing invasive cardiac procedures. Although it may seem repetitive,…

She has diabetes with an A1c of 8.5, this indicates that her diabetes is not within the normal range of less than 7% (National Guideline Clearinghouse, 2015). Her serum creatinine level of 2.0mg/dl, and BUN of 30mg/dl which are indicative of kidney function are all out of normal range. This means her kidneys are not at their optimum performance and therefore, she could be retaining water as indicated…

In homosapiens normally one ova is fertilized by a single sperm for the propagation of generation. Many sperms are required to dissolve the zona pellucida. Due to some unknown etiology and due to the increased induction of ovulation in assisted reproductive technology (ART), the incidence of multiple pregnancies is increasing not only in the developed world, but also in developing countries like India. When we deviate from the nature, artificial technologies have their own hazards, so do with…

SOMATOM Definition Flash Unique to the SOMATOM Definition Flash are its Dual Source technology and the revolutionary Stellar Detectors. They make it possible to scan virtually any patient, both at very low radiation and contrast dose – no matter whether the patient has an unstable heart condition, cannot hold his breath, or is obese, very tall, poly-traumatized, or a moving child. Its unmatched innovations include a 78 cm gantry bore, 307 kg capacity, 2 x 100 kW, 2 m scan range, whole-organ…

Final impression found mildly dilated left ventricle with normal wall thickness and normal systolic function with an estimated ejection fraction is fifty to fifty-five percent. Thickened mitral valve with mild to moderate aortic stenosis and mild regurgitation is also present with an aortic valve area of 2.0 cm2 and a mean gradient of 11mmHg. Lastly mild…

Hypernatremia occurs when the body has increased serum sodium levels that go over 145 mEq/L. This increase in serum sodium levels results in hypertonicity, pulling water out of cells resulting in cell shrinkage. Based on extracellular fluid water volume (level of hypertonicity), hypernatremia can be isovolemic (most common), hypovolemic, or hypervolemic. When isovolemic hypernatremia occurs, there is a loss of free water whilst maintaining near normal sodium serum concentration. Isovolemic…