Renal cell carcinoma

Flemming. Walter Fleeming was a German biologist. He developed most of his study on cells and the chromosomes that are inside of cells. In 1878, the claimed that cell duplicate in the process called mitosis. Flemming died on August 4th, 1905. HOW DID MITOSIS GET IT NAME? "Mito-" which mean "thread" in Greek. The process of cell division are described as threads because during the process of duplication, cells resembled thin thread. "-Osis" which mean "process or state" in Greek. This…

mitochondrial lineages are maternal. Thanks to the study of the mitochondrial genome it revealed that all humans carried mitochondrial DNA in their cells that dated back to a single…

Adult height is a polygenetic trait, which means that it is controlled by more than one gene. It is easily measured and highly heritable (h2 ~0.75- 0.9) (Kim, et al., 2010). Final adult height is the result of growth and development processes and has limited contribution from environmental factors (Weedon, et al., 2008). As a result, loci influencing height are compared and contrasted from different races. Genome-wide association (GWA) is a method used to quickly scan markers across genomes…

Rhodopsin is a GPCR found in rod cells of the eye. Rhodopsin consists of Opsin and a 11-cis-retinal chromophore. Absorption of a photon results in the isomerisation of the 11-cis-retinal to an all trans retinal, leading to a conformational change of the GPCR and formation of the intermediate…

therapy based on germinal cells is unethical as it can cause undesirable changes into the progeny of patient (Urnov et al., 2005). In my opinion, gene therapy may serve the role of a double-edged sword, which can prove to be valuable as well as harmful as it might treat a number of serious diseases, but can establish a designer-baby market on planet Earth. Thus, I agree with my textbook’s writers that we must prefer somatic cell gene therapy and should implement germinal cell based gene therapy…

in an area of expertise that is constantly advancing leads me to believe there is no better of a time to be studying this fascinating subject. A-level Biology brings me the most enjoyment out of my chosen subjects as we explore topics such as DNA, cells and biological molecules. As the year progressed I saw how every topic links to one another…

interact with actin filaments. That movement requires huge amount of hydrolysis ATP molecules to change the conformation. The genomic analysis thirteen different members of the myosin gene. In addition, the most present myosin type in all eukaryotic cells are: myosin I and myosin II. On the other hand, the less present type of myosin is myosin V. Also, myosin can be divided to two class; conventional myosin which is form the filaments, and unconventional myosin which is can be monomeric. Class I…

They are unicellular organisms from the kingdom Protista. They move by a flagellum, which is located in the anterior end. They also contain a red eyespot at the anterior end that is able to detect light. Since Euglena lack a cell wall, they contain a pellicle composed of a protein layer. They usually live in quiet puddles or ponds. They have chloroplast that traps sunlight which is used for the process known as photosynthesis. Since Euglena can absorb food from their environment…

*************************************************** Q: 1. Look at the male and female dragons on the left. Notice that they both have horns. Can two dragons with horns have a baby dragon with no horns? A: Yes Q: 2. Why do you think it can be done? A: If each parent has Hh to make up their horns, as long as the gametes that are used in fertilization are h, then the baby will have horns. Q: 3. OK, let's make sure you remember the rule for horns. Here's a little quiz: Which of these genotypes do…

permeability factor (VPF) is an endothelial cell specific mitogen in in vitro and is the main factor responsible for vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in a variety of in vivo models. The gene transcripts level of VEGF is stimulated at the time of implantation because process of implantation occurs under hypoxic condition. In rodents, VEGF is involved during embryo–endometrium crosstalk by regulating endothelial cell proliferation and vascular permeability of endothelial cells at implantation sites…