Reinforced concrete

On November 7th, 1940, the Tacoma Bridge collapsed into the Tacoma Narrows straight in Washington State. The bridge connected the town of Tacoma and the Kitsap Peninsula, and was one of the first major suspension bridges in the western United States. Unlike other suspension bridges constructed around this time, the Tacoma Bridge failed to withstand wind speeds over 40 miles per hour, due to unequal stress on parts of the bridge. The construction of a suspension bridge must include geometric…

All metal manufacturing includes a solidification process. The metal is either atomised to a powder, or it is cast. There is several casting methods used today. Many of the methods use the mould only once, for example sand mould casting, the lost-wax method and precision casting. For larger quantities of liquid metal, there are basically two methods: ingot casting and continuous casting. Ingot casting normally uses a permanent mould made by cast iron isolated by ceramic material. There are…

In engineering, be that as it may, the Romans consumed some imperative methods from the Etruscans before Greek impact was conclusively felt. This incorporated the arch and the vault, which were bound to convey Roman designing into an advancement specifically far from that of antiquated Greece, who favored "post-and-lintel" building techniques to curves and arches. Accordingly was established the framework of the art in which the Italic people groups were to outperform the Hellenes: auxiliary…

The Roman Empire expanded their technology and facilities out into their colonies –this helped in showing the Empire’s might. The Romanisation of the Empire’s colonies manipulated the view the local people had of them; as such the grand and lavish Roman architecture present throughout the Roman Empire emphasized their power and strength. By giving the local people the same amenities available in Rome, the Emperor was guaranteed their support and utter devotion. The Hadrianic Baths, for example,…

a bomb shelter begins as a hole in the ground, it will then be molded into a round or square shape with concrete and lead. after the concrete and lead harden you will make a hole to enter the shelter. once the hole is made you will recover it with dirt and grassy stuff. add a door and air filtration. add some furniture and you are done! Through the ages, bomb shelters have used many different materials to protect its inhabitants. However, a modern bomb shelter requires many materials for…

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Influence of specific gravity to water to binder ratio of M-S-H binder In development of M-S-H binder with magnesium oxide and silica fume, it is noted that silica fume has rather low specific gravity (S.G) and bulk density compared to Portland cement (PC). Thus, use of high silica fume content in the binder consequently results in a binder system of low specific gravity and bulk density, compared to PC. The light weight binder leads to a difference in water to…

cost of the materials employed for construction of erosion-control structures. The most commonly employed materials for coastal protection structures used in populated coastlines (e.g., seawalls, revetments, groins, and detached breakwaters) are concrete (new or recycled), limestone, granite, other stones, and steel. In the State of Louisiana, the material used for dike construction and as riprap is mostly limestone extracted from mines located in Arkansas and transported to the state at the…

structure. The internal forces transfer to the arches’ intersections and then to the concrete abutments that are placed beneath the Earth’s surface (2). More cables are included underground and connected to each arch to provide added security for the structure’s stability. Using steel cables coupled with concrete arches and abutments create efficient equilibrium by using steel, which works well in tension, and concrete, which works well in…

Metal roofing is one of the most sought after materials for new roofs. There are a number of benefits that make metal roofing appealing to both homeowners and roofing contractors alike. When comparing metal roofing to shingle roofing you will find that the cost is almost double however the longevity of the roofing material more than doubles. We will look deeper into metal roofing advantages and disadvantages throughout this articles. As stated above metal shingling is known for its durability…

The material of choice for gravestones today is generally granite, since it is durable and comes in a variety of crystalline textures and colors. Bronze gravestones are also worth mentioning here though, as they are also a popular choice. Whatever the choice of material, gravestone memorials need regular tending in order to maximize their durability and to keep inscriptions as legible as possible. It is also a nice way to show that you are still thinking about the person who has passed away.…