Refractive index

Part A Gas Chromatography What is it? Gas chromatography is a variation of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analysing components that can be vaporised without decomposition ("Gas Chromatography", 2016). This technique involves using a gas as the mobile phase. There are two types of gas chromatography: • Gas-solid chromatography – separates substances on the basis of their different strengths of adsorption on the solid • Gas-liquid chromatography – separates…

custom-built bioanalytical sensor. A 532 nm solid-state laser is used as the excitation source to closely match the excitation wavelength of mCherry, a green fluorescent protein derivative. The laser beam is coupled into a 0.22 NA objective to match the refractive index with the cone of acceptance of the optical fiber. The input laser will excite bacterial green fluorescent proteins within the microstructures fabricated on the tip of the optical fiber. The collected fluorescence will be filtered…

Pectin yield was determined as weight of dry pectin against the weight of initial residues multiplied by 100%. Y=100(P/Bi) Where Y is the extracted pectin yield (%), P is the amount of extracted pectin in grams and Bi is the initial amount of sweet potato residues used to extract pectin. Equivalent weight and Degree of methoxylation The equivalent weight was determined according to the method by Barretina et al., (Barretina et al. 2012). 0.25g pectin was wetted with 5ml ethanol and topped…

Pollution is one of the most serious problems that affect our environment, and its effects on all life aspects are clear to everyone. Because of this, pollution is one of the most serious issues that all the word countries are concerned about. As time goes, the pollution problem increases and also the population growth increase. The increase in demand for water and food supplies place an increasing stress on the ground and surface water quality and quantity. One of the environmental problems…

Adipic acid is mainly use as monomer in manufacture Nylon 6/6 fiber, plasticizer, grease, polyurethane etc. There are several countries in the world that manufacturing the adipic acid. But there also countries that just is a supplier for this adipic acid to any factory that need adipic acid in their countries. The main countries that produce adipic acid are United State of America and also China. Almost ninety percent of adipic acid manufactured in United State of America is used to produce…