Redox

1. Identify the key technical characteristics of the Daguerreotype and Calotype processes. Illustrate your answer with examples of images form each technology, and say how they reflect its characteristics. (25%) Before the invention of the wet collodion process, which produces an unlimited number of copies of finely detailed images on paper and to print, by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851, there were two photograph processes previously: the daguerreotype and the calotype. The…

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to prove and discern the empirical formula of copper oxide using the Law of Conservation of Mass. This states that in measuring the mass of each component of copper oxide and determining the percent composition of each the copper and the oxygen within copper oxide it is possible to find the ratio of the elements within the compound. Procedure: In order to conduct this lab, 25.1mL of distilled water then 25.5mL of 3M HCl must be added 2.11g of copper oxide.…

Abstract: Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that enable the red blood cell to bind oxygen in the lung and transport the oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body. Oxygen binds reversibly to these iron atoms and is carried throughout the blood. As part of the experiment, we computed the concentration of hemoglobin and iron in a crystalline blood sample by measuring the absorbance of the sample as methemoglobin and cynamethemoglobin at 450-650nm. Furthermore, the…

The process of photosynthesis is composed of two phases: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The first stage (light-dependent reactions) occurs in the thylakoid membrane, which absorbs light energy to create NADPH and a proton gradient used to power the synthesis of ATP. The latter occurs in the stroma, and results in carbon dioxide fixation. In this experiment, only the light-dependent reactions were studied. 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP) was used as an artificial…

Paragraph 1: M3H(XO4)2 is an electrolyte (M=K, Rb, Cs; X = S, Se) in a fuel cell. M3H(XO4)2 exhibits a superprotonic productivity with the conductor: the Cs3H(SeO4)2 crystal at or above 456K (TI---II). In this reaction, there are 3 phases in which the M3H(XO4)2 crystal displays different degrees of symmetry, Phase I, Phase II and Phase III. In this reaction, Phase II is first defined as where the temperature is below 396K. The crystal structure of M3H(XO4)2 is an example of a monoclinic…

The chemical equations of both reactions are the reverse of each other. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water work together with the protein complexes present in the chloroplast and with the aid of the energy coming from the sun to yield glucose and oxygen. Meanwhile, in cellular respiration, glucose is broken down with the aid of oxygen and enzymes present in the mitochondria into carbon dioxide and water, which are the starters of photosynthesis, and produces energy in the form of ATP.…

Step 1 - Synthesis A mixture of compressed CO2 and ammonia under 240 bar (g) pressure is reacted to form ammonium carbamate. This is an exothermic reaction, and heat is absorbed by a boiler to produce steam. The first reactor achieves 78% conversion of the carbon dioxide to urea and the liquid is then furthurly purified. Then, the second reactor receives the gas from the first reactor and recycles the solution. Conversion of carbon dioxide to urea is approximately 60% at a pressure of 50 bar…

2.3.1.2 Antioxidant analysis Two methods to measure the antioxidant activity are by determining its ability of hydrogen atom donation to a reactive species and/or check its ability to take off any molecules of oxidative initiation. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level evaluation can be classified into a direct method and indirect method. Indirect method or in vitro method consists of DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and oxygen radical…

Determination of Isoprenaline Hydrochloride Concentration Using Ultra Violet/ Visible Spectroscopy and Quantification of Sodium and Potassium Using Flame Spectroscopy Introduction In UV/VIS (ultraviolet-visible light) spectroscopy, light absorption as a function of various wavelengths gives data about electronic transitions within a solution [1]. The electronic transitions involve exciting an electron from one principle quantum state to another by the absorption of energy [2]. A change in…

Reagents 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (Sigma-Aldrich), 2,4 dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) (Sigma-Aldrich), ferric sulfate (nH2O) (Carlo Erba), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Carlo Erba), acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich) and Milli-Q water were used to perform all the experiments . All the reagents were used without further purification. Natural groundwater samples Samples were taken from groundwater wells localized in a small rural community (coordinates: 3º21’03.38” N, 76º26’24.51”) near to the…