Rectum

First step is ingested food is taken into the mouth where it is torn into smaller physical parts by the teeth. The salivary enzymes; amylase and lipase are activated beginning the chemical breakdown of food. Salivary amylase divides starch into smaller glucose molecules. Physically the saliva hydrates and compacts the food for ideal propulsion through the pharynx and esophagus. Propulsion is activated voluntarily when we swallow; the tongue moves towards the hard palate of the mouth thus pushing…

of the large intestine as an uncontrolled growth of tissue called polyps. Together they are referred to as Colorectal Cancer. Colon cancer or bowl cancer originates in the terminal part of the large intestine whereas rectal cancer originates in the rectum which is the last portion of the large intestine to the anus. They are more alike than they are different when it comes to the risk factors of causes and symptoms. Symptoms of the disease in the earlier stages may be minimal or may not present…

starting at the mouth, and ending at the anus. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine (consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum), and the large intestine (consisting of the cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, the sigmoid, rectum, and anus), all make up the gastrointestinal tract. The esophagus is the starting point for the gastrointestinal tract, it is a muscular tube that measures approximately twenty-five centimeters from the pharynx to the stomach. It passes through…

The large intestine (also known as large bowel or colon) is the last part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It extends from the cecum to the anus, with the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon and the rectum in between. The large intestine consists of four layers of tissue: the mucosa, submucosa, muscle and serosa (figure 1). The mucosa is made out of an epithelial layer, with a layer of connective tissue, called the lamina propria, underneath it. The…

bullets up to 6.5 feet to distract its predator. They prepare for “firing” by releasing a fecal pellet. This pellet rests in a little cup near the opening of the end of the caterpillar’s rectum. It then builds up blood pressure around the rectum and when enough pressure is built up, the pellet explodes from the rectum and quickly shoots through the air. They can even “reload” and fire a string of pellets! The author (Anthony D. Fredericks) got these amazing facts from websites maintained by…

The gastroenterology is concerned with the study of the digestive system and the treatment of related diseases. It treats the organs (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus) as well as the digestive glands (liver, bile ducts, pancreas). The hepatology ("liver") and proctology ("rectum" and "anus") are its two main specialties. 2. When should I go to see a gastroenterologist? Your doctor may refer…

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) most commonly affects the rectum and sigmoid colon with ulceration of the colonic mucosa (book). There are varying types of UC that affect different regions of the colon. These types include: Ulcerative Proctitis, Proctosigmoiditis, Left-sided Colitis and Pan-ulcerative (total) Colitis. Ulcerative Proctitis affects 30% of those with Ulcerative Colitis. This type causes inflammation, redness and ulcers on the lining of the rectum and is a milder form of UC (“Types of…

Digestion of a cheese burger? Step 1. When you chew, saliva is added. In addition to being a liquid which moistens, softens and lubricate food, saliva contains enzyme called amylase, which breaks down starch. In the mouth the Meat patty and the bread could be broken down and digested. Step 2. The oesophagus has two layers. Its interior is lined with cells that are packed very closely together creating a smooth surface. The circular muscle around the outside of the oesophagus is also smooth…

colorectal cancer, is a form of cancer that affects the large intestine and rectum. The cancer cells do not die when signaled to do so. Instead, they grow unmonitored. The cancer will grow into more tissue and organs and develop more new cancer cells. In Stage I colon cancer only affects either the colon or the rectum. The cancer cells are found in the epithelial and lamina propria layers, the top layers of the large intestine and rectum. In Stage II, the tumor grows into the muscularis propria,…

maintained professionalism through my knowledge of the correct use and limitations of medical devices and equipment (NMC, 2010). Due to the nature of Kay’s illness, I did not consider oral and rectal routes as putting the thermometer in his mouth or rectum would make him traumatised and there was tendency for him to vomit or open his bowel (Engel, 2006). Moreover, nurses do not routinely use the rectal route (RCN,…