Reciprocity

their main resource. As well as how the Yonggom used sorcery to to stop the contamination. After so many movements, the Yonggom understood their relationship with the mine in exchange terms. Kirsch uses the term “unrequired reciprocity” which means that the it is an unjust reciprocity. For all the damages that the Ok Tedi mine has caused to the environment of the Yonggom, the exchange that they got was insignificant. So they ultimately decided to take the manager of the mine to court. Kirsch…

result of socialization (Bernstein, Penner, Clarke-Stewart, & Roy, 2011). These norms can be categorized as descriptive, injunctive, or reciprocity norms. Descriptive norms are used to describe how the majority of people within a certain group act. Injunctive norms describe what people within a certain group are expected or what they should do. Finally, reciprocity norms are responses to others based on how they have responded to you (Berstain et al., 2011). These…

All life seems to pursue two basic things, survival and perpetuation of the species. I assert that all decisions made in life are in some way linked basally to either survival or the continued evolution of the species. Aristotle would say humans are political animals. MacIntyre would say humans are storytelling animals. Noddings would say humans are caring animals. I would say humans are simply animals. Each of the aforementioned noted philosophers used notions present in their respective times,…

discussions about ethics as a major subject. The central value of Confucianism is Ren, a concept of benevolence and altruism. Ren is the basic virtue, and is also the goal of being righteous. The idea can be elaborated into filial piety, royalty, reciprocity, respect, forgiveness, honesty, diligence, and kindness. Filial piety is the deference towards parents, and is often placed before with love towards brothers. Confucius once taught about balancing between challenging and obedience, that “in…

The household model of political organizing constitutes one viable empowerment strategy for marginalized communities. Like every form of emancipatory politics, it presupposes an existence of a political agent or a political subject. While most political frameworks tend to treat the abstract individual as such a political agent, the household model of political organization emphasizes the perspective of the household. Thus, unlike political theories that revolve around the idea of abstract State,…

The six principles of persuasion, are Reciprocity, Scarcity, Authority, Commitment and Consistency, Consensus, and Liking. 1. Reciprocity can be defined as a mutual exchange. Reciprocity also as a principle, can mean in a layman's language and understanding, as a give and take system or doing good and showing kindness to each other. An example is when during marriage ceremonies, birth day parties, graduation etc, the people you invite to witness yours also at another time, they also invite…

1.1 Introduction Persuasion and influence happen all the time among us whether we realize it or not. A simple advertisement at the side of the road is also a form of persuasion which can influence people. A child asking his mother for a toy is also a persuasion. Persuasion itself has different definitions according to different scholars. Plus, persuasion and influence are sometimes interchangeable. According to Richard M. Perloff (2003), in his book The Dynamics of Persuasion, one of the…

Two social norms particularly relevant to the motivation of helping behaviours are reciprocity and social responsibility (Berkowitz, 1972; Miller et al., 1990, cited in Passer & Smith 2001). As an example, a helping behaviour may be motivated by a desire for favourable treatment from another in the future (reciprocity), or they may feel a social obligation to help because they have learnt to help others in distress (social responsibility). As with…

The NILD Level III technique, Proverbs, lends the therapist the opportunity to mediate toward an ability to use inferential-hypothetical thinking during the elaboration phase of the mental act. According to Mandia Mentis, Dunn-Bernstein, and Martene Mentis (2008), an individual with restricted use of inferential-hypothetical thinking will be unable to think of alternative solutions to common problems or to make generalizations and inferences. These students view the words as disconnected and…

achieving compliance due to its pervasiveness in human culture and its tendency to permeate exchanges (Cialdini, 2001). Small favours can lead to consumers feeling obliged in returning substantially larger favours. A classic method of utilising the reciprocity principle is through the “free sample” approach. The free sample tactic uses a small portion of the product or service for the purpose of exposing its qualities and gauging its responsiveness. This approach is proven successful in KSC…