Receptor antagonist

is to add an inhaled steroid, and then another add-on therapy, which may include a long-activing beta2-angonist (Kaufman, 2012). Poor control may need an increase in the dosage of existing medications, as well as an addition of a leukotriene receptor antagonist (Kaufman, 2012). The use of long term or continuous oral steroids is the last step and must include frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels and concern for exposure to pathogens (Kaufman,…

1. The 48 years old Native American women presenting to the Indian Hospital is taking Lisinopril because of hypertension as one of the conditions documented in her past medical history. Hypertension is supported by the current measurements of the blood pressure readings of 165/100. Lisinopril is an angiotensin –converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) considered as one of the first line treatment option for hypertension. The pharmacological mechanism of action for Lisinopril is to inhibit the action…

Nhat Duong Does Ginger have an effect in relieving nausea and vomiting during pregnancy? A natural root of a plant called Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belongs to a Zingiberaceae family including cardamom and turmeric that are mostly cultivated in tropical areas.1(p373) The primary component of ginger called gingerol comes from the root of the plant and its spicy aroma mainly due to the present of ketones called gingerols.1(p132,),2 Ginger is widely consumed in diet as a flavor in cooking and…

I sat in the dim lit laboratory waiting for the computer monitor to display the chromatogram of the sample that I had injected into the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). I knew the peak chromatogram should come at the thirteenth minute, and if it did, the ophthalmic formulation which had become an axial part of my life over the past many months will have an added chance to become a drug product of the future. Or of course, I might just get a flat line or a confusing mix of…

increased TRH synthesis B) increased T3/T4 synthesis C) increased body temperature D) decreased blood cholesterol levels E) increased lipolysis ____ 66. Increased levels of thyroid hormones would A) decrease basal metabolic rate. B) up regulate beta receptors C) impair body growth. D) decrease the effects of norepinephrine on the heart and blood vessels. E) decrease protein synthesis. ____ 67. Calcitonin A) is synthesized by the parathyroid glands. B) acts primarily on osteoblasts. C) decreases…

The quote “pain is weakness leaving the body”; can be traced to the Marine Corps. This motivational quote is often used to inspire marines to endure painful stimuli. But what is pain? Pain is a neurological response to stressful stimuli, such as an illness or injury. It can manifest in one of two ways: chronic or acute pain. Chronic pain is persistent pain that can last for years. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the National Institutes of Health,…

BEMA film was designed to rapidly deliver a drug across the mucosa when fast onset of effect is required and to formulate drugs with poor oral bioavilability[1] Buprenorphine has very poor oral bioavailability(~10%) due to extensive first pass metabolism[3] and hence cannot be formulated as an oral tablet. IM, IV, suppository, transdermal, sublingual and buccal administration routs all bypass first pass metabolism and hence increase the bioavailability however IM, IV or suppositories would be…

According to the text, the main problem in visualizing neurons was not due to their minuteness, but it was because of the way they are constructed. Neurons are so tightly packed and intertwined together through one another, that when you try to look at them through a microscope, you cannot see anything clearly. With the discovery of the neuroanatomical techniques, the Golgi stain method and the Nissl stain methods; this has allowed neuroscientists to see the complex network of structures…

Results The CNS has an important role in functions of the body with carrying messages to and from the brain and body. Without neuro-messages being transmitted, the skeletal muscles would be unable to move. Therefore, the brain and body need to communicate. “There can be little doubt that the regulation of central motor output is crucial in determining exercise performance” (Hargreaves, 2008, p. 1541). Although with the complexity of the CNS understanding what the role the CNS has to…

Physiologically, they act as antagonists of the adenosine receptor in the body and at the same time act as phosphodiesterase inhibitors thus preventing the degradation of cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate which is an intracellular chemical messenger; it also activates histones deacetylasein the nucleus…