Reagents for organic chemistry

Pollution is one of the most serious problems that affect our environment, and its effects on all life aspects are clear to everyone. Because of this, pollution is one of the most serious issues that all the word countries are concerned about. As time goes, the pollution problem increases and also the population growth increase. The increase in demand for water and food supplies place an increasing stress on the ground and surface water quality and quantity. One of the environmental problems…

New method of synthesis of oligoetherols with carbazole ring Renata Lubczak Abstract: The new method of synthesis of multifuntional oligoetherols with carbazole ring suitable for obtaining the polyurethane foams of enhanced thermal resistance was presented. At the first step of the synthesis the carbazole was reacted with excess glycidol to obtain the product of (n +1) functionality, where n is number of equivalents of glycidol reacted with carbazole. Carbazole reacts with glycidol without…

FDE 310 Food Materials Laboratory Report Determination of Reducing Sugar Content INTRODUCTION The objectives of this experiment is to determine reducing sugar content of food sample by performing Fehling method and to identify invert sugar content of sugars by using polarimetry and also to learn property of invert and reducing sugar. Carbohydrases represent a large class…

played an active role in war. Bosch worked for a company producing munitions for war, while Haber advocated the production and use of poisonous gases, like chlorine gas, for chemical warfare (“Haber-Bosch Controversy”). While both won Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, they played a significant role in the death of millions during World War I and II. The degree to which these two German chemists are praised is debated in the fields of science and history, but their impact on the world is undeniable.…

Identifying an Unknown Compound Using Various Chemical Analysis Techniques Joshua Nash and Aquilla Young Abstract The introduction of this lab report exposes the reader to the different scientific concepts that are to be used such as melting point calculations, retention factors, and solubility in various aqueous solutions. The experimental provides the basics of using a melting point apparatus, determining solubility, and performing thin layer chromatography. In the results section the findings…

Nucleophilic substitutions are a fundamental class of reactions in organic chemistry. This type of reaction involves a nucleophile, or an electron rich species, attacking an electrophilic site, or an area that carries a positive or partially positive charge, in order to replace a leaving group. There are two possible mechanisms to account for the attack of the nucleophile; the first occurs in a concerted process, or in one step and the second mechanism occurs in two steps and involves a…

Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India bCentre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India c Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, India Abstract This paper deals with the formulation of castor biodiesel (CB) at optimum condition by single step base catalysed transesterification reaction. The produced ester…

internal plasticizers, pesticides, dyes, textile treatment agents, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals through further reactions of substitution, catalytic reduction, metal hydride reduction, diborane reduction, ketone formation with organometallic reagents, electrophile bonding at oxygen, and condensation (Werpy et al, 2004). CHAPTER 2 PROCESS BACKGROUND 1. THE PROCESSES Basically, there are three famous processes used in the production of adipic acid. They are…