Reagent

is the source of the Grignard reagent. Because the halide cannot be eliminated, the next best option is to minimize the amount of halide in the reaction. In this experiment, a small concentration of the halide is reacted with a high concentration of magnesium to ensure maximum contact between halides and magnesium. To do this, magnesium will be placed in the round bottom flask and then halides are slowly added. Another potential source of error is that Grignard reagents must be placed far away…

Phenols Degradation by Fenton Reaction in the Presence of Chlorides and Sulfates Siedlecka et al. (2005) also studied a series of phenol compounds present in wastewater. These compounds, as mentioned above, are widely used therefore are commonly found in wastewater derived from different industries such as petrochemical, food or resin manufactured. Since common biological treatment for these kinds of compounds is not feasible, is important to develop new technologies to treat these…

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to establish a concrete understanding of limiting reagents and percent yields. In addition, the lab should give the administrator the ability to analyze the effects of reactants on the product of a chemical reaction. Procedure: In part A of the lab, the first step in the procedure is to add 20 mL, and 25 mL of CaCl2 to two different flasks. Following this, the administrator is to add 10 mL of Na2CO3 to the flask containing 20 mL of CaCl2, and 5 mL of the…

significant data, despite problems with reagent contamination. Iron (III)-thiocyanate complexes in equilibrium, meaning that external and internal forces on the equilibrium can shift toward the reactants or the complex. External forces are changes to the chemical or physical environment that effect the equilibrium. Internal forces are changes to the bonds or chemical nature of the complex itself. These effects are used to study the optimal chromogenic reagent, meaning that any changes to the…

In this experiment, a Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide, reacted with a ketone, acetophenone, to produce 1,1-diphenylethanol. The experimental product was relatively pure as its melting point was determined to be between 78 and 80.7°C. The value from literature suggests that the melting point is between 78 and 82°C (chemspider.com). However, the percent yield for this experiment was not very high, at only 57 percent. The low yield for this lab was most likely due to the low…

way to reflect on an individual’s overall health status. Examining the waste products found in urine by using chemical reagent dipsticks can reveal information about the health of a patient (Mulryan, 2011, p. 234). Properly analyzing the chemical reagent dipstick can help aid in the diagnosis of an individual. According to Mulryan (2011), specific tests are found on the reagent dipstick, including, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, protein, nitrite, leukocytes, glucose, ketones, pH, and specific…

for this lab were very unsatisfactory, even though the results sustain a general trend throughout the course of the experiment, the results were not expected. At the beginning of the experiment all reagents produced satisfactory results, the reactant 2-bromopropane was determined to be the limiting reagent for the Grignard formation and the Isopropyl Magnesium Bromide was correctly formed. However, random errors occurred at the nucleophilic addition step. At this period, it was observed there…

yielded less than 100% triphenylcarbinol was caused by the Grignard reagent reacting with atmospheric water or oxygen instead of reacting with benzophenone due to the highly reactive nature of the Grignard reagent and a constant presence of humidity and moisture inside the laboratory. Although extra precautions were taken to dry to glassware and a CaCl2 drying tube was used, there was an unavoidable exposure of the Grignard reagent to atmospheric oxygen and water due to the operating conditions…

to react with the reagents, we conducted a 1:10 dilution by adding another 18mL of water to the 2mL solution already in the beaker. In clean test tubes, using three test tubes for each supplement sample (9 total) we combined 1 mL of protein sample solution with 200 microliters of each reagent. For example, three test tubes were made with 1mL of just Supplement 1 solution so that it could be reacted with each reagent (Benedict 's Reagent, Lugol 's Reagent, and Biuret 's Reagent) separately in…

This experiment was performed in order to prepare the Grignard reagent from aryl or alkyl halides and demonstrate the principles of organometallic chemistry. The Grignard reagent was prepared via a radical mechanism. The Grignard reagent was then used to prepare a carboxylic acid from carbon dioxide, demonstrating its ability to create carbon-carbon bonds by acting as a strong nucleophile. As the R group of the Grignard reagent was unknown, molecular weight and melting point were then used to…