Reagent

mixture of 98% acetyl chloride and 70% perchloric acid is used to distinguish between steroid analogs. A 25:1 AC/PA mixture along with AC with zinc acetate reagent were used to investigate the steroids. A color change occurs which also leads to the steroids being measured in a spectrum. Hence, Friedel-Crafts acylations using the AC/PA reagent under less hostile conditions turns out to be the speciation and quantitation of unsaturation in many natural products. Although, the percent yield was…

Introduction Insulin is the biological chemical that works as an effect to lower blood glucose levels in the blood. It consists of two amino acid chain linked together by disulfide bonds. It is released by beta cells of the pancreatic cells. The beta cell releases this protein when it senses a rise in our blood sugar level or after we have just eaten. After being made by the beta cells in the pancreas, insulin travels down to the body 's tissue cells to be taken up by the body 's cell. Insulin…

complex to the blue colored ferrous form which absorbs light at 593 nm. The ferric-TPTZ reagent was prepared by mixing 300 mM acetate buffer, pH 3.6, 10 mM TPTZ in 40 mM HCl and 20 mM FeCl3.6H2O in the ratio of 10:1:1 (v/v/v). The FRAP reagent was freshly prepared before each experiment. Briefly, 60 µL of different concentrations of the reference standard or the sample extractwere mixed with 1000 µL FRAP reagent and incubated at 37oC for the duration of the reaction. The absorbance readings were…

precise orientation. The enzyme that will be tested is sucrase. Sucrase is secreted within the small intestine which will be used to speed up hydrolysis reaction into the products glucose and fructose. Therefore, the pH within a solution of benedict’s reagent will be tested for its reaction rate. This experiment will test the hypothesis if pH increases, reaction rate increases as well. Materials and Methods: Four test tube vials were used to contain the solutions. Each vial’s solution totaled…

Wagner’s reagent was prepared by dissolving 1.27g of iodine and 2g of potassium iodide in 100ml distilled water. To the 100μl of ethyl acetate fraction of each endophytic fungi, 4-5 drops of wagner’s reagent was added and observed for the presence of reddish-brown precipitate formation. Vinblastine and methanol was used as positive and negative control respectively 4.4.2 Hager’s Test (Kodangala et al., 2010) Briefly, to the 100μl of ethyl acetate fraction, 4-5 drops of Hager’s reagent (saturated…

5. Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Test A pure culture will be inoculated in a Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer Broth tubes. The tubes will be then incubated at 35°C for 48 hours. One tube will be placed with five drops of methyl red reagent, and the other with Barrit’s reagent. Methyl Red test is used for the indication of fermenting ability of bacteria, producing mixed acid. Voges-Proskauer test is used to detect the production of acetoin, also known as 2,3-butanediol. 6. Indole – Motility…

oxidation of sulphite ions. Certain heavy metals may also react in a similar manner as copper. Proper sampling and immediate fixing by acid addition minimize such difficulties. Apparatus (i) Conical flask of 500 ml (ii) Pipette of 5 ml and 10 ml Reagents (i) Sulphuric acid 1+1(distilled water). Dilute 100 ml concentrated sulphuric acid L.R grade to 200 ml with distilled water. (ii) Standard potassium iodide - iodate titrant, 0.0125 M. Dissolve 0.4458 g primary grade anhydrous KIO3 (dried for…

each negative impact on the environment (Like hazardous chemicals used, waste generation and high energy consumption) where Analytical Eco-Scale = 100 - total penalty points. Figure 6 shows an example of how to calculate the deduced points for each reagent or solvent used by simply counting the number of hazard pictogram present on the chemical container and multiplying it by (1) in case of warning signal and (2) in case of danger signal (Signal word that is found in chemical safety data sheet).…

I. INTRODUTION The worldwide the bacterial community includes billions of microorganisms. Microbiologist and other scientists are constantly working of identifying species and classifying them by morphological, biochemical and molecular tests. This is valuable to the medical community, as some of these microorganisms are pathogens, but also to other industries such as pharmaceuticals, foods and drinks production, ecological, agriculture and biotechnology as humans have used bacteria for years…

In this experiment Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed under reducing conditions to estimate the molecular weight of proteins within a sample. The protein sample was from the previous using anionic exchange chromatography to partially purify N-acetyl--D-hexosaminidase, Lab 3. The molecular weight was determined through the interpolation of a standard curve of proteins with a known molecular weight. The molecular weight of band 1 was determined to…