Reactive oxygen species

One of these mechanism , oxidative stress, which disturbs the antioxidant defense system and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals (13, 14).Benzene and related hydrocarbons are metabolized through an intermediate epoxide, which is highly reactive and possibly binds to hepatic microsomal proteins and nucleic acids leading to cytotoxic effects (15). An increase in the levels of liver diagnostic…

extract) that are highly effective free radical scavengers and antioxidants (Toklu et al., 2009) which explain their ability to react with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This result is in agreement with Lim et al., (2011) who stated that Curcumin is an effective antioxidant and acts as a superoxide radical scavenger and as a singlet oxygen quench. The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities are closely related to polyphenols (Alvarez-Jubete et al., 2010)…

Catalase containing, positive, bacteria consist of aerobic, oxygen respiring, and facultative anaerobic, can grow either with or without oxygen, bacteria. Being catalase positive means the bacteria is exposed to hydrogen peroxide in a concentration high enough to make it toxic to the bacteria cells. Thus, the cell needs to break down the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas to survive. Catalase positive bacteria can include beneficial bacteria. Two harmful bacteria that are catalase…

1. Powerful Antioxidant Support Catalases are perhaps the single most efficient enzymes found in the cells of the human body. Catalase has been shown to create a speedy reaction against hydrogen peroxide free radicals, turning them into water and oxygen.) 2. Possible Anti-Aging and Anti-Degenerative Effects Catalase is currently being studied for its applications on extending life span and vitality. Research scientists from the University of Washington in Seattle conducted a lab study on rats…

needed for the cell to survive through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the electron transport chain (ETC). Mitochondria is the power house where the OXPHOS takes place. It is more exposed to the toxic products of this process, like the reactive oxygen species(ROS) than any other organelles in the cell,…

During a series of ecological disasters including an ice age and a period of extensive solar radiation, the tardigrade, one of nature’s “extremophiles”, was able to evolve physically to the extent where the microscopic organism can decrease its metabolism to a miniscule amount making it able to survive whatever conditions it faces. As it is unknown to how the tardigrade was able to evolve to that extent, a plausible answer is contingency, a theory that evolution sometimes occurs by chance.…

Phase identification and cell dimensions The phase identification and cell dimensions of CuMnOx catalysts prepared in reactive calcination condition were done by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. It was carried out to identify the crystalline size and coordinate dimensions present on the surface layer of the catalysts. XRD patterns of CuMnOx catalyst produced by reactive calcination…

practical applications such as core–shell structure [15] nonmetal or metal doping [16–19], phase mixing [20,21], generation of oxygen vacancy [22], and coupling with other semiconductors [23–28]. In particular, coupling with another semiconductor has been widely used to improve the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 materials. WO3 is a suitable species, because of its relative small band gap and acidic surface, and therefore it can serve as a sensitizer and…

2.2.1.1 Temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen After extensive studies, several authors have mentioned certain physical, chemical and biological parameters of water and sediment as important for the aquaculture of marine shrimps. Along with dissolved oxygen, water temperature and salinity are considered as significant parameters because of their close association in aquatic ecosystem (OSPAR, 2005). The maximum water temperature recommended by Nunes et al., 2005 and ABBC, 2005 was 32°C,…

physiological limiters relating to metabolic stress. Endurance exercise is known to cause metabolic stress due to the increased rate of oxygen consumption. With an increase in oxidative respiration, a greater amount of electrons pass through the electron transport chain amplifying free radical production. These free radicals are called reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can set off chain reactions damaging other cells. With an adequate antioxidant supply, an electron can be donated to the free…