Radio resource management

1) Cluster size is inversely proportional to channel capacity,larger the cluster size the smaller the number of users.Cluster size is also inversely proportional to co-channel interference i.e higher the cluster size less is co-channel interference.When capacity of the channel is increased the co-channel interference also increases. 2) The possible solutions to increase the capacity of cellular system are: a) Cell Sectorization b) Cell Splitting c) Reduction of cluster size also increases capacity per cell d) Sharing frequency bands 3) Hexagonal cellular structure are used for because of following reasons: a) It depicts that no area remain uncovered b) Hexagonal shape can be sub divided into micro hexagonal shapes i.e cell splitting c) Frequency reuse is the biggest advantage of this shape 4) The CCI is a function of transmitted power but when the size of each cell in a cluster is almost same then CCI became a function of reuse distance D and radius R of the cell and became independent of the transmitted power. 5) Sectorization is used to reduce CCI by forming the sectors at 120 degree or 60 degree in the cells.In 120 degree the cell is divided into three equal parts and in 60 degree the cell is divided into six equal parts.It helps to reduce cluster size and CCI . 6) The overlaid system is one in which mobiles near base station are assigned to channels from small cluster size .It is…

Directed Net provides interoperability in situations involving multiple radio users talking radio-to-radio through the same transmit while receiving radio frequency in the conventional form. Communications in this situation are firmly bound by the air boundary such that the same frequency is needed and the consequent transmissions are analog to analog or digital to digital but not digital to analog. Level Three is categorically referred to as Manual Aid. Channels under mutual aid provide first…

filters it was very difficult to filter closely packed adjacent channels. 2.Multicarrier modulation:- it is not convenient and efficient to transfer a high rate data stream through a channel, the signal is divided into a number of signals over that frequency range. Each of these signals are individually modulated and transmitted over the channel. At the receiver end, these signals are fed to a demux where it is demodulated and recombined to obtain the original signal. 3.OFDM:- Orthogonal…

Example: The combination or mixing of the audio and also video signal that two of the forms make a channel in TV. In the radio transmitters, these blenders are utilized to adjust a bearer recurrence. Dynamic blenders can build the item flag quality and they enhance the seclusion between the ports. Inactive blenders can utilize the diode furthermore the fancied yield has the lower force than the info signal. Side bands: The Radio transmission includes that in making up a data about sound…

In 1970, the FCC adopted its prohibition of cross-media ownership between FM radio stations and television stations within the same market. The FCC under the Nixon Administration prohibited newspaper cross ownership of radio or television stations (Yanich, 2014). When the Commission adopted the rule, it grandfathered newspaper/broadcast combinations in many markets, forcing dispossession only in highly concentrated markets. As a result, approximately seventy grandfathered newspaper/broadcast…

the invention of radio has caused the most impact for society as it provided society with easier communication and later on entertainment alongside with access to information. Guliemlo Maroni the Italian man who is credited as the inventor of radio. Marconi read a biography from Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist who proved the theory of electromagnetic waves to which Marconi used his experiment by sending transmissions from one side of the room to the other. Marconi took his idea to the Italian…

received signal in some manner and in the end there will be still some loss in the information. Usually Linear Polarization antennas are used in radio communication antennas. Vertical Polarization is mainly used in mobile radio communication because their antennas are usually designed to have an omnidirectional radiation patterns and this give us a relief of re-orientation of the antenna. RF Microwave Antenna are the best example of polarization of the dielectric in their antennas. Some large…

Invention of the Telegraph The telegraph is one of the inventions that started long distance communication. To begin with, Samuel Morse came up with the marvelous idea of this invention. However, he did have a competitor by the name of Charles Wheatstone. The original telegraph was developed in the 1830s. It was tested and updated through a number of years from when it was invented. It’s actually quite impressive how this whole system was developed. According to ‘Morse Code and the…

Prior to the act in 1996, the U.S. telecommunications industry was a monopoly and the act opened the doors to anybody who wanted to be a part of the communications industry. Although it opened the doors to anybody it also led to concentration of media ownership. Concentration of media ownership is essentially when few organizations or individuals own different facets of the media. Early in 2002, three of the five most recognizable conglomerates were Walt Disney, AOL/Time-Warner, and the News…

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