Radical behaviorism

Cognitive psychology concerns both language and thought and has been well known just since the 1950s. From ancient Greek times, just philosophers and metaphysicians concentrated on the study of nature of language and thought. Language is an arrangement of symbols and guidelines that is sorted out progressively, from phonemes to morphemes to expressions and sentences that communicate meaning. In this essay I will try to analyse and reflect on my thoughts about the relationship, language and…

1. BEHAVIOURISM Behaviourism is the learning theory that claims that a change in behaviour is the outcome of learning. Behaviourists support that all people have key instincts that drive them towards action. This can be aspects such as starvation, the need for sleep or thirstiness. When people experience these drivers they act in certain ways to overcome their needs. The belief is that all behaviour is learned is the cause of irregular behaviour. According to behaviourist theories, each lesson…

Humanism is a psychological trend which rose in the fifties and sixties of the 20th century in American. Its main representative figures are Maslow (A.H. Maslow) and Rodgers (C.R.Rogers). Humanistic psychologists regarded students as “people” and emphasized the factors of human in the process of learning to respect people, the learners’ will, feelings, needs and values. Maslow stressed that research in the teaching process should pay attention to students’ cognition, emotion, motivation,…

Body Behaviourism came about in response to psychoanalysis Freud, Erikson and Jung. Behaviourists thoughts were that psychology should focus on observable, measureable, external processes instead of internal processes in order for psychology to be a science. Bandura Social Learning theory falls somewhere between Freud’s Internal processes, introspection and Skinners external, observational behaviours, conditioning because social learning theory emphasizes both internal and external processes.…

SERIES NO: STRUCTURALISM FUNCTIONALISM 1. Definition: It was the first school of psychology which focused on the breaking down of mental processes into basic components. They used the method of Introspection. It studies the elements of consciousness. Definition: Functionalism basically considers mental life and behavior in terms of a person’s environment. It was the study of the function rather than the structure of consciousness. It studies how the consciousness changes according to…

Conditioning is strengthening an act that comes from reinforcement. It is a learning process that gives more or lessens the probability of certain behaviour as a result of effect. Operant conditioning is beneficial in shaping the students behaviour and their progress in a classroom. Operant conditioning is even effective for secondary two students as, it focuses on how one learns new behaviours by experience with effects in the surroundings. Principles of operant conditioning focus on behaviour…

Cognitive functional tests of an animal can be divided into two categories, attentive and recollection tests, both of which will be examined in this experiment. [ref 1] The memory test is the Morris Water Maze and the attentive test is the Pre-Pulse Inhibition test. Both tests in this experiment are exercise different parts of the brain, the Water Maze exercises the hippocampus, and the Pre-Pulse Inhibition exercises the brainstem. The Water Maze experiment is an exercise regarding the…

History states, that for many years there has been a debate on the date which psychology became an independent discipline. Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. Most identity with the date 1879 when German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt opened the first laboratory exclusive to the practice of psychology. However, this date is still disregarded as the beginning of psychology. Despite the major impact of the…

A variety of psychotherapy techniques have been used in group therapy settings. Each theoretical orientation has a variety of techniques that contribute to group work. For the purpose of this assignment, I will be examining the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as the theoretical orientation to guide group work. CBT is a very popular theoretical orientation for individual and group psychotherapy. The techniques used in CBT help a client recognize their maladaptive ways of thinking.…

Paul Kenny constructed an experiment to find out how people become obese. Instead of humans, he used rats as the test subjects. The rats ate less healthy food and more high-calorie junk food. They gained weight and became obese. Usually, when the rats would eat the healthy bland food, Kenny would give a slight foot shock when to stop eating. After feeling the shock they would run away, now that the rats are obese they ignore the slight shock and continue to eat the food. This reminded Kenny of a…